ArticleAnnals of neurology2018
Activation of pial and dural macrophages and dendritic cells by cortical spreading depression.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging the inflammatory phenotype in migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Pooled it
- Migraine immune cell gene targets and their relationship to psychiatric disorders.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Article
- Non-neuronal targets for migraine therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Meningeal neuropeptide and neuroimmune interactions in the context of migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Spreading depolarization activates the cGAS-STING pathway and drives cranial nociception: therapeutic potential of STING modulation.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Integrating brain organoids, meningeal immunity, and glymphatic dynamics: toward modeling neuroimmune clearance and crosstalk in disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophages and iNOS contribute to the effects of dural prolactin and repeated stress in mouse migraine models.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Is canonical SD a clinically relevant model of migraine? Argument pro.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Intravital calcium imaging of meningeal macrophages reveals niche-specific dynamics and aberrant responses to brain hyperexcitability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Spreading depolarization as a therapeutic target in migraine.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- State-of-the-art preclinical techniques to study the impact of spreading depolarizations in awake rodents.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Morphology of the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic structures of the bottlenose dolphin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics Reveals Glial Metabolic-Immune Rewiring and Intercellular Signaling Disruption in Chronic Migraine.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The mysterious link between migraine aura and migraine headache.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Signs of Cortical Inflammation in Migraine Measured with Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Registry for Migraine (REFORM) Study.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Metabolic Dysfunction and Dietary Interventions in Migraine Management: The Role of Insulin Resistance and Neuroinflammation-A Narrative and Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Long-Term Clinical Landscapes of Spinal Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis With Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.Neurology · 2025Article
- Meningeal Lymphatic and Glymphatic Structures in a Pelagic Delphinid (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The link between spreading depolarization and innate immunity in the central nervous system.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCortical spreading depression (CSD) has long been implicated in migraine attacks with aura. The process by which CSD, a cortical event that occurs within the blood-brain barrier (BBB), results in nociceptor activation outside the BBB is likely mediated by multiple molecules and cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether CSD activates immune cells inside the BBB (pia), outside the BBB (dura), or in both, and if so, when.
methodsInvestigating cellular events in the meninges shortly after CSD, we used in vivo two-photon imaging to identify changes in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that reside in the pia, arachnoid, and dura and their anatomical relationship to TRPV1 axons.
resultsWe found that activated meningeal macrophages retract their processes and become circular, and that activated meningeal DCs stop migrating. We found that CSD activates pial macrophages instantaneously, pial, subarachnoid, and dural DCs 6-12 minutes later, and dural macrophages 20 minutes later. Dural macrophages and DCs can appear in close proximity to TRPV1-positive axons.
interpretationThe findings suggest that activation of pial macrophages may be more relevant to cases where aura and migraine begin simultaneously, that activation of dural macrophages may be more relevant to cases where headache begins 20 to 30 minutes after aura, and that activation of dural macrophages may be mediated by activation of migratory DCs in the subarachnoid space and dura. The anatomical relationship between TRPV1-positive meningeal nociceptors, and dural macrophages and DCs supports a role for these immune cells in the modulation of head pain. Ann Neurol 2018;83:508-521.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.