ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Oral Contraceptive Use and Risks of Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of oral contraceptives and risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Use of oral contraceptives and risk of pancreatic cancer in women: A recalculated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Association between oral contraceptive use and pancreatic cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- Leukemia in users of contemporary hormonal contraception: A nationwide registry-based cohort study among premenopausal women in Denmark.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating Sex Disparity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Risk in the UK Biobank Cohort.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Common variability in oestrogen-related genes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in women.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Differences in risk factors for molecular subtypes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Analysis of the Association between Female Medical History and Thyroid Cancer in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HEXA Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Androgen Plays a Carcinogenic Role in EOC via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in an AR-Dependent Manner.Journal of Cancer · 2021Article
- The Risk of Ovarian Cancer Increases with an Increase in the Lifetime Number of Ovulatory Cycles: An Analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3).Cancer research · 2020Article
- A prospective clinical cohort study of women at increased risk for endometrial cancer.Gynecologic oncology · 2020Article
- Circulating androgens and postmenopausal ovarian cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.International journal of cancer · 2019Observational
- Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Cohort of Women From the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is common, their influence on carcinogenesis is not fully understood. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine OC use (never/<1 year (referent), 1-4, 5-9, ≥10 years) and development of incident cancers across body sites within the same base population: women in the prospective National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (enrolled 1995-1996 and followed until 2011). Adjustment for confounding varied by outcome; all models accounted for age, race, body mass index, and smoking status, and included at least 100,000 women. Any OC use conferred a 3% reduction in the risk for any cancer (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 0.99). Expected risk reductions that strengthened with duration of use were identified for ovarian and endometrial cancers and were suggested for kidney cancer (all P for trend < 0.05). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk (hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.97) was reduced with 10 or more years of OC use. There was a 37% reduced risk for bladder cancer and 46% increased risk for pancreatic cancer among long-term OC users who were 60 years of age or younger at baseline. OC use did not influence risks for most other cancers evaluated. Given the high prevalence of use and changing formulations, additional studies are warranted to fully understand the chemopreventive effects of these medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.