Trial reportNeonatology2018
Dose-Response Effects of Early Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental and Respiratory Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants at 2 Years of Age: A Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Neonatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Short-term and long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant or breastfeeding women or young children for preventing asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Enteral micronutrient supplementation and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm or low birth weight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Eligible Infants Included in Neonatal Clinical Trials and Reasons for Noninclusion: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Race and Ethnicity of Infants Enrolled in Neonatal Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D for the management of asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2020Pooled it
- Postnatal Nutrition to Improve Brain Development in the Preterm Infant: A Systematic Review From Bench to Bedside.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Fed Human Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- A Randomised-Controlled Trial of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2019Trial
- Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Status at ≤32 Weeks Gestation: Romanian Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Vitamin D: What We Know and What We Still Do Not Know About Vitamin D in Preterm Infants-A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Survey of vitamin D supplementation practices in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Enteral Vitamin D Supplementation (ViDES) in Infants <28 Weeks Gestational Age or <1000 Grams Birth Weight: Study Protocol.Research square · 2024Article
- Nutrition and Brain Development.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany extremely preterm infants have low vitamin D concentrations at birth, but early childhood outcomes after vitamin D supplementation have not been reported.
objectiveTo determine a dose-response relationship between increasing doses of enteral vitamin D in the first 28 days after birth and cognitive scores at 2 years of age.
methodsIn this phase II double-blind dose-response randomized trial, infants with gestational ages between 23 and 27 weeks were randomly assigned to receive placebo or a vitamin D dose of 200 or 800 IU/day from day 1 of enteral feeding to postnatal day 28. The primary outcome of this follow-up study was Bayley III cognitive score at 22-26 months of age.
resultsSeventy of 80 survivors had a follow-up evaluation at 2 years of age (88%). There were no significant differences in cognitive scores between supplementation groups (p = 0.47). Cognitive scores did not differ between the higher vitamin D dose group and the placebo group (median difference favoring the 800 IU group: +5 points; 95% CI: -5 to 15; p = 0.23). The linear trend between increasing doses of vitamin D and reduction of neurodevelopmental impairment (placebo group: 54%; 200 IU group: 43%; 800 IU group: 30%; p = 0.08) or language impairment (placebo group: 64%; 200 IU group: 57%; 800 IU group: 45%; p = 0.15) was not statistically significant. Respiratory outcomes at 2 years of age (need for supplemental oxygen or asthma medications) did not differ between groups.
conclusionIn extremely preterm infants, early vitamin D supplementation did not significantly improve cognitive scores. Though underpowered for clinically meaningful differences in early childhood outcomes, this trial may help determine dosing for further investigation of vitamin D supplementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.