ArticleJournal of anatomy2018
Three-dimensional mobility and muscle attachments in the pectoral limb of the Triassic cynodont Massetognathus pascuali (Romer, 1967).
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital range of motion analysis is sensitive to subjective steps in joint model construction.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Scaling of internal joint distance in the elbow of small- to medium-sized mammals: Implications for range of motion analyses.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Biomechanical simulations of hindlimb function inScience advances · 2025Article
- Adaptive landscapes unveil the complex evolutionary path from sprawling to upright forelimb function and posture in mammals.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Late acquisition of erect hindlimb posture and function in the forerunners of therian mammals.Science advances · 2024Article
- Articular surface interactions distinguish dinosaurian locomotor joint poses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A comparative approach for characterizing the relationship among morphology, range-of-motion and locomotor behaviour in the primate shoulder.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- The earliest segmental sternum in a Permian synapsid and its implications for the evolution of mammalian locomotion and ventilation.Scientific reports · 2022Review
- A proposed standard for quantifying 3-D hindlimb joint poses in living and extinct archosaurs.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Musculoskeletal modeling of sprawling and parasagittal forelimbs provides insight into synapsid postural transition.iScience · 2022Article
- Paleobiological reconstructions of articular function require all six degrees of freedom.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Low elbow mobility indicates unique forelimb posture and function in a giant extinct marsupial.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Validation of an Echidna Forelimb Musculoskeletal Model Using XROMM and diceCT.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- AutoBend: An Automated Approach for Estimating Intervertebral Joint Function from Bone-Only Digital Models.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- Antiquity of forelimb ecomorphological diversity in the mammalian stem lineage (Synapsida).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- The postcranial anatomy of Brasilodon quadrangularis and the acquisition of mammaliaform traits among non-mammaliaform cynodonts.PloS one · 2019Article
- Pectoral girdle and forelimb musculoskeletal function in the echidna (Royal Society open science · 2018Article
- ROM mapping of ligamentous constraints on avian hip mobility: implications for extinct ornithodirans.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The musculoskeletal configuration of the mammalian pectoral limb has been heralded as a key anatomical feature leading to the adaptive radiation of mammals, but limb function in the non-mammaliaform cynodont outgroup remains unresolved. Conflicting reconstructions of abducted and adducted posture are based on mutually incompatible interpretations of ambiguous osteology. We reconstruct the pectoral limb of the Triassic non-mammaliaform cynodont Massetognathus pascuali in three dimensions, by combining skeletal morphology from micro-computed tomography with muscle anatomy from an extended extant phylogenetic bracket. Conservative tests of maximum range of motion suggest a degree of girdle mobility, as well as substantial freedom at the shoulder and the elbow joints. The glenoid fossa supports a neutral pose in which the distal end of the humerus points 45° posterolaterally from the body wall, intermediate between classically 'sprawling' and 'parasagittal' limb postures. Massetognathus pascuali is reconstructed as having a near-mammalian complement of shoulder muscles, including an incipient rotator cuff (m. subscapularis, m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, and m. teres minor). Based on close inspection of the morphology of the glenoid fossa, we hypothesize a posture-driven scenario for the evolution of the therian ball-and-socket shoulder joint. The musculoskeletal reconstruction presented here provides the anatomical scaffolding for more detailed examination of locomotor evolution in the precursors to mammals.
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