ArticlePain reports2017
Post-traumatic stress symptom clusters in acute whiplash associated disorder and their prediction of chronic pain-related disability.
Article in Pain reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of post-trauma stress symptoms in the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain and disability: A systematic review.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in pain severity, interference, and variability after sexual assault: An ecological momentary assessment study.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Trial
- Pain Science Education, Stress Management, and Cognition-Targeted Exercise Therapy in Chronic Whiplash Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- The Link Between Exposure to Traumatic Stress and Chronic Pain: The Mediation Effect of Hyperarousal Is Moderated by Sensitivity to Pain Traumatization.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Dyadic Investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Daily Sleep Health in Patients With Cancer and Their Caregivers.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Perceived Injustice as a Determinant of the Severity of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Occupational Injury.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2023Article
- A new science of emotion: implications for functional neurological disorder.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Review
- A Scoping Review and Proposed Framework for Coping in Youth With a History of Psychological Trauma and Chronic Pain.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2022Article
- Cervical Motor and Nociceptive Dysfunction After an Acute Whiplash Injury and the Association With Long-Term Non-Recovery: Revisiting a One-Year Prospective Cohort With Ankle Injured Controls.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 4: Neck Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been found to be associated with an increased risk of persisting neck pain and disability in motor vehicle crash (MVC) survivors with whiplash injuries. The findings are mixed as to which PTSD symptom(s) best predicts recovery in this population.
objectivesThe aims were (1) to explore the factor structure of the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) in a sample of acute whiplash-injured individuals following a MVC and (2) to identify the PTSD-symptom clusters that best predict long-term neck pain-related disability in this population as measured by the Neck Pain Disability Index (NDI).
methodsA sample (N = 146) of whiplash-injured individuals completed the NDI and the PDS at baseline (<1 month) and at 6 months follow-up.
resultsPrincipal component analyses generated 2 symptom clusters: re-experiencing/avoidance and hyperarousal/numbing. Nine trauma-related PTSD symptoms loaded exclusively on the re-experiencing/avoidance cluster and 7 nonspecific PTSD symptoms loaded exclusively on the hyperarousal/numbing cluster. One PTSD symptom (ie, inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma) had no salient loading on either clusters. Structural equation modelling analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the hyperarousal/numbing symptom cluster and long-term neck pain-related disability, while no significant relationship was found between the re-experiencing/avoidance symptom cluster and long-term neck pain-related disability.
conclusionGiven that only the hyperarousal/numbing symptom cluster predicted long-term neck pain-related disability, this finding may have implications in terms of diagnosis, assessment, and management of the psychological impact of whiplash-injured individuals following a MVC.
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