Trial reportScientific reports2018
Comparison of proximal versus distal upper-limb robotic rehabilitation on motor performance after stroke: a cluster controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Bilateral Robotic Arm Training in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke upper limb motor dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of physical therapy rehabilitation for stroke survivors in Arab countries and Saudi Arabia: current approaches and future challenges.Saudi medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Upper limb robotic rehabilitation following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating efficacy and the influence of device features and program parameters.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of robotic-assisted upper extremity therapy for stroke patients in different recovery phases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Exercise in Improving Physical Function of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Robot-assisted distal training improves upper limb dexterity and function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-regression.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility of post-stroke hand rehabilitation supported by a soft robotic hand orthosis in-clinic and at-home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Effects of an assist-as-needed equipped Tenodesis-Induced-Grip Exoskeleton Robot (TIGER) on upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Neurocognitive robot-assisted rehabilitation of hand function: a randomized control trial on motor recovery in subacute stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Effects of robot therapy on upper body kinematics and arm function in persons post stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- A novel upper-limb function measure derived from finger-worn sensor data collected in a free-living setting.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Motor Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Versus Conventional Occupational Therapy for Upper-Limb Recovery in Subacute Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Exploratory Neurocognitive Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The influence of upper extremity improvement on daily function in individuals with chronic stroke following task-oriented interventions: a structural equation modeling approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Tailoring robot-assisted arm training to individuals with stroke: bridging neuroscience principles and clinical practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancing stroke rehabilitation with whole-hand haptic rendering: development and clinical usability evaluation of a novel upper-limb rehabilitation device.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Responsiveness and construct validity of two outcome measures of bilateral upper limb function in patients with chronic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Combining soft robotics and telerehabilitation for improving motor function after stroke.Wearable technologies · 2024Article
- Distinguishing Distinct Neural Systems for Proximal vs Distal Upper Extremity Motor Control After Acute Stroke.Neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined the treatment efficacy of proximal-emphasized robotic rehabilitation by using the InMotion ARM (P-IMT) versus distal-emphasized robotic rehabilitation by using the InMotion WRIST (D-IMT) in patients with stroke. A total of 40 patients with stroke completed the study. They received P-IMT, D-IMT, or control treatment (CT) for 20 training sessions. Primary outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Secondary outcomes were the Motor Activity Log (MAL) and wrist-worn accelerometers. The differences on the distal FMA, total MRC, distal MRC, and MAL quality of movement scores among the 3 groups were statistically significant (P = 0.02 to 0.05). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the D-IMT group significantly improved more than the P-IMT group on the total MRC and distal MRC. Furthermore, the distal FMA and distal MRC improved more in the D-IMT group than in the CT group. Our findings suggest that distal upper-limb robotic rehabilitation using the InMotion WRIST system had superior effects on distal muscle strength. Further research based on a larger sample is needed to confirm long-term treatment effects of proximal versus distal upper-limb robotic rehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.