Trial reportBMC public health2018
Adherence to home fortification with micronutrient powders in Kenyan pre-school children: self-reporting and sachet counts compared to an electronic monitoring device.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02073149 (Comparison of Home Fortification With Two Iron Formulations in Kenyan Children Protected Against Malaria by Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Home Fortification With Two Iron Formulations in Kenyan Children Protected Against Malaria by Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy: a Placebo-controlled Non-inferiority Trial
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Edible Cricket Enriched Complementary Porridge and Nutrition Education on Linear Growth of Children 6-14 Months in Siaya County, Kenya: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Trial
- Micronutrient Powders Combined With Malaria Chemoprevention to Improve Anaemia and Cognitive Function in Early Childhood in Mali: A Cluster-Randomised Trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Trial
- Integrating Calcium Into Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Ethiopia: Women's Experiences, Perceptions of Acceptability, and Strategies to Support Calcium Supplement Adherence.Global health, science and practice · 2020Trial
- Adherence Definitions, Measurement Modalities, and Psychometric Properties in HIV, Diabetes, and Nutritional Supplementation Studies: A Scoping Review.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Leveraging innovation technologies to respond to malaria: a systematized literature review of emerging technologies.Malaria journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of home fortification with iron-containing micronutrient powders varies between trials, perhaps in part due to population differences in adherence. We aimed to assess to what extent adherence measured by sachet count or self-reporting forms is in agreement with adherence measured by electronic device. In addition, we explored how each method of adherence assessment (electronic device, sachet count, self-reporting forms) is associated with haemoglobin concentration measured at the end of intervention; and to what extent baseline factors were associated with adherence as measured by electronic device.
methodsThree hundred thirty-eight rural Kenyan children aged 12-36 months were randomly allocated to three treatment arms (home fortification with two different iron formulations or placebo). Home fortificants were administered daily by parents or guardians over a 30 day-intervention period. We assessed adherence using an electronic device that stores and provides information of the time and day of opening of the container that was used to store the fortificants sachets in each child's residence. In addition, we assessed adherence by self-reporting and sachet counts. We also measured haemoglobin concentration at the end of intervention.
resultsAdherence, defined as having received at least 24 sachets (≥ 80%), during the 30-day intervention period was attained by only 60.6% of children as assessed by the electronic device. The corresponding values were higher when adherence was assessed by self-report (83.9%; difference: 23.3%, 95% CI: 18.8% to 27.8%) or sachet count (86.3%; difference: 25.7%, 95% CI: 21.0% to 30.4%). Among children who received iron, each 10 openings of the electronic cap of the sachet storage container were associated with an increase in haemoglobin concentration at the end of intervention by 1.2 g/L (95% CI: 0.0 to 1.9 g/L). Adherence was associated with the age of the parent but not with intervention group; with age, sex or anthropometric indices of the child; or with age or sex of the parent or guardian.
conclusionsThe use of self -reporting and sachet count may lead to overestimates of adherence to home fortification.
trial registrationThe trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02073149 ) on 25 February 2014.
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