ArticlePloS one2018
Euglena gracilis Z and its carbohydrate storage substance relieve arthritis symptoms by modulating Th17 immunity.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects ofNutrients · 2020Trial
- Acceleration and Light-Induced Changes in Cytosolic cAMP Concentration inBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Paramylon on Nutrient Digestion and Absorption and Intestinal Health of Weaned Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
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- Microalgae in health care and functional foods: β-glucan applications, innovations in drug delivery and synthetic biology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Unveiling Immunomodulatory Effects ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Changes in Gravitaxis and Gene-Expression in anBiomolecules · 2024Article
- The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Article
- Oral Administration ofCirculation reports · 2022Article
- Antiviral Activity and Underlying Action Mechanism of Euglena Extract against Influenza Virus.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease.PloS one · 2020Article
- Genetic Engineering Strategies forFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Bioproducts FromFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Accelerated Wound Healing on the Skin Using a Film Dressing with β-Glucan Paramylon.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Euglena gracilis Z is a microorganism classified as a microalga and is used as a food or nutritional supplement. Paramylon, the carbohydrate storage substance of E. gracilis Z, is reported to affect the immunological system. This study evaluated the symptom-relieving effects of E. gracilis Z and paramylon in rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. The efficacy of both substances was assessed based on clinical arthritis signs, as well as cytokine (interleukin [IL]-17, IL-6, and interferon [IFN]-γ) levels in lymphoid tissues. Additionally, the knee joints were harvested and histopathologically examined. The results showed that both substances reduced the transitional changes in the visual assessment score of arthritis symptoms compared with those in the control group, indicating their symptom-relieving effects on rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, E. gracilis Z and paramylon significantly reduced the secretion of the cytokines, IL-17, IL-6, and IFN-γ. The histopathological examination of the control group revealed edema, inflammation, cell hyperplasia, granulation tissue formation, fibrosis, and exudate in the synovial membrane, as well as pannus formation and articular cartilage destruction in the femoral trochlear groove. These changes were suppressed in both treatment groups. Particularly, the E. gracilis Z group showed no edema, inflammation, and fibrosis of the synovial membrane, or pannus formation and destruction of articular cartilage in the femoral trochlear groove. Furthermore, E. gracilis Z and paramylon exhibited symptom-relieving effects on rheumatoid arthritis and suppressed the secretion of cytokines IL-17, IL-6, and IFN-γ. These effects were likely mediated by the regulatory activities of E. gracilis Z and paramylon on Th17 immunity. In addition, the symptom-relieving effects of both substances were comparable, which suggests that paramylon is the active component of Euglena gracilis Z.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.