ArticlePublic health nutrition2018
Disparities in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Residential history and drinking water type as predictors of serum PFAS in communities with a history of contaminated drinking water.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Spatial analysis of residential location at birth, PFAS in public water, and childhood cancers in Southern California (2000-2019).Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Everyday storage and handling of PET bottled water increase human exposure to nano- and microplastics: Influence of socio-economic factors.Water research · 2026Article
- Targeted and non-targeted analyses of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in newborn dried blood spots and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Characterizing Water Insecurity Among US College Students: Prevalence, Scope and Linkages With Food Insecurity.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Formative Research to Develop DC-SIPS: A Multilevel Intervention to Reduce Sugary Drink Intake and Promote Water Intake Among Black Youth in Washington, DC.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2025Article
- The effect of water filter pitchers on the mineral concentration of tap water.Journal of public health dentistry · 2025Article
- The role of water insecurity in influencing water and sugar-sweetened beverage choices: A scoping review.PLOS sustainability and transformation · 2025Article
- Drinking Water Microbiota, Entero-Mammary Pathways, and Breast Cancer: Focus on Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Tap water perceptions and water filter use vary with socio-demographic characteristics and are associated with water and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in university students.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Federal Food Program Participation and Beverage Intake Among Families With Low Household Income.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2023Article
- Perceptions of Water Safety and Tap Water Taste and Their Associations With Beverage Intake Among U.S. Adults.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2023Article
- Tap Water Avoidance Is Associated with Lower Food Security in the United States: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Drinking water nitrate and risk of pregnancy loss: a nationwide cohort study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- Factors Related to Water Filter Use for Drinking Tap Water at Home and Its Association With Consuming Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among U.S. Adults.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2022Article
- Using Water Intake Dietary Recall Data to Provide a Window into US Water Insecurity.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Impact of water fortification with calcium on calcium intake in different countries: a simulation study.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Examining recent trends in the racial disparity gap in tap water consumption: NHANES 2011-2018.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDifferences in bottled v. tap water intake may provide insights into health disparities, like risk of dental caries and inadequate hydration. We examined differences in plain, tap and bottled water consumption among US adults by sociodemographic characteristics.
designCross-sectional analysis. We used 24 h dietary recall data to test differences in percentage consuming the water sources and mean intake between groups using Wald tests and multiple logistic and linear regression models.
settingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2014. SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of 20 676 adults aged ≥20 years.
resultsIn 2011-2014, 81·4 (se 0·6) % of adults drank plain water (sum of tap and bottled), 55·2 (se 1·4) % drank tap water and 33·4 (se 1·4) % drank bottled water on a given day. Adjusting for covariates, non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic adults had 0·44 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·53) and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·66) times the odds of consuming tap water, and consumed B=-330 (se 45) ml and B=-180 (se 45) ml less tap water than NH White adults, respectively. NH Black, Hispanic and adults born outside the fifty US states or Washington, DC had 2·20 (95 % CI 1·79, 2·69), 2·37 (95 % CI 1·91, 2·94) and 1·46 (95 % CI 1·19, 1·79) times the odds of consuming bottled water than their NH White and US-born counterparts. In 2007-2010, water filtration was associated with higher odds of drinking plain and tap water.
conclusionsWhile most US adults consumed plain water, the source (i.e. tap or bottled) and amount differed by race/Hispanic origin, nativity status and education. Water filters may increase tap water consumption.
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