Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29388516›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2018

Salt intake and dietary sources of salt on weekdays and weekend days in Australian adults.

Caryl Nowson, Karen Lim, Mary-Ann Land, Jacqui Webster, Jonathan E Shaw, John Chalmers, Victoria Flood, Mark Woodward, Carley Grimes

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Ecological momentary assessment of meal context and food types contributing to salt intake at meals.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Caryl Nowson1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN),School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences,Deakin University,Locked Bag 20000,Waurn Ponds,Geelong,VIC 3220,Australia.
Karen Lim1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN),School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences,Deakin University,Locked Bag 20000,Waurn Ponds,Geelong,VIC 3220,Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2767-1651
Mary-Ann Land2George Institute for Global Health,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
Jacqui Webster2George Institute for Global Health,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
Jonathan E Shaw3Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology,Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute,Melbourne,Australia.
John Chalmers2George Institute for Global Health,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
Victoria Flood4Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Sydney and Western Sydney Local Health District,Sydney,Australia.
Mark Woodward2George Institute for Global Health,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia.
Carley Grimes1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN),School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences,Deakin University,Locked Bag 20000,Waurn Ponds,Geelong,VIC 3220,Australia.
Deakin University · AUUNSW Sydney · AUBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute · AUThe George Institute for Global Health · GBThe University of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess if there is a difference in salt intake (24 h urine collection and dietary recall) and dietary sources of salt (Na) on weekdays and weekend days.

designA cross-sectional study of adults who provided one 24 h urine collection and one telephone-administered 24 h dietary recall.

settingCommunity-dwelling adults living in the State of Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS: Adults (n 598) who participated in a health survey (53·5 % women; mean age 57·1 (95 % CI 56·2, 58·1) years).

resultsMean (95 % CI) salt intake (dietary recall) was 6·8 (6·6, 7·1) g/d and 24 h urinary salt excretion was 8·1 (7·8, 8·3) g/d. Mean dietary and 24 h urinary salt (age-adjusted) were 0·9 (0·1, 1·6) g/d (P=0·024) and 0·8 (0·3, 1·6) g/d (P=0·0017), respectively, higher at weekends compared with weekdays. There was an indication of a greater energy intake at weekends (+0·6 (0·02, 1·2) MJ/d, P=0·06), but no difference in Na density (weekday: 291 (279, 304) mg/MJ; weekend: 304 (281, 327) mg/MJ; P=0·360). Cereals/cereal products and dishes, meat, poultry, milk products and gravy/sauces accounted for 71 % of dietary Na.

conclusionsMean salt intake (24 h urine collection) was more than 60 % above the recommended level of 5 g salt/d and 8-14 % more salt was consumed at weekends than on weekdays. Substantial reductions in the Na content of staple foods, processed meat, sauces, mixed dishes (e.g. pasta), convenience and takeaway foods are required to achieve a significant consistent reduction in population salt intake throughout the week.

Indexed as

Diet SurveysCross-Sectional StudiesDietEatingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf ReportSodium, DietaryVictoriaSodium, DietaryAustraliaDietSaltSodiumSodium chlorideUrinary sodiumWeekend

Identifiers

PMID29388516
PMCPMC11106024
OpenAlexW2793797390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.