ArticleESMO open2018
Retrospective review of metastatic melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease treated with intrathecal interleukin-2.
Article in ESMO open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrathecal nivolumab in metastatic solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease: dose escalation part of the multicenter IT-PD1/NOA-26 phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Outcomes and prognostic factors in melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease: a retrospective cohort study.Melanoma research · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in patients with Leptomeningeal Metastasis (LM) from solid tumors.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Current and emerging strategies for the management of brain and leptomeningeal metastases in melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Preclinical models of melanoma leptomeningeal disease to assess intrathecal checkpoint blockade.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leptomeningeal Disease: Current Approaches and Future Directions.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Intrathecal anti-PD-1 treatment in metastatic melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD): real-world data and evidence.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy for leptomeningeal disease from solid tumors: current clinical outcomes and future opportunities.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment for Leptomeningeal Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Survival and treatment outcomes in patients with leptomeningeal disease from metastatic melanoma.Neuro-oncology practice · 2024Article
- Treatment pattern and outcomes of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in India - a retrospective study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Leptomeningeal disease in melanoma: An update on the developments in pathophysiology and clinical care.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2024Review
- Case report: Concurrent intrathecal and intravenous pembrolizumab for metastatic melanoma with leptomeningeal disease.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Systemic Therapy for Melanoma Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- Leptomeningeal Metastases in Melanoma Patients: An Update on and Future Perspectives for Diagnosis and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Concurrent intrathecal and intravenous nivolumab in leptomeningeal disease: phase 1 trial interim results.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Neoplastic Meningitis.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMetastatic melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD) have an extremely poor prognosis, with a median survival measured in weeks, and few treatment options. Outcomes of a retrospective cohort of patients with LMD that were treated with intrathecal interleukin-2 (IT IL-2) were reviewed to assess the long-term efficacy of this therapy.
methodsThe records of metastatic melanoma patients with LMD who were treated with IT IL-2 from 2006 to 2014 in a Compassionate Investigational New Drug study were reviewed. IL-2 (1.2 mIU) was administered intrathecally via Ommaya reservoir up to five times per week in the inpatient setting for 4 weeks; patients with good tolerance and clinical benefit received maintenance IT IL-2 every 1-3 months thereafter.
resultsThe cohort included 43 patients. The median age of the patients was 47 years (range 18-71), and 32 (74%) were male. 23 patients (53%) had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and radiographic evidence of LMD, 8 (19%) had positive CSF cytology only, 9 (21%) had radiographic evidence only and 3 (7%) were diagnosed based on pathology review after craniotomy. The median overall survival (OS) from initiation of IT IL-2 was 7.8 months (range, 0.4-90.8 months), with 1-year, 2-year and 5-year OS rates of 36%, 26% and 13%. The presence of neurological symptoms (HR 2.1, P=0.03), positive baseline CSF cytology (HR 4.1, P=0.001) and concomitant use of targeted therapy (HR 3.0, P=0.02) was associated with shorter OS on univariate analysis. All patients developed symptoms due to increased intracranial pressure which was managed with supportive medications and/or CSF removal, and there were no treatment-related deaths.
conclusionThese results demonstrate that despite their historically dismal prognosis a subset of metastatic melanoma patients with LMD treated with IT IL-2 can achieve long-term survival, but these data need to be verified in a prospective trial setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.