ArticleScientific reports2018
Micro 3D Printing of a Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel Using Projection Micro-Stereolithography.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unconventional bioprinting modalities for advanced tissue biofabrication.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Design and Application of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for 4D Printing: A Review of Adaptive Materials in Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multifaceted mechanical responsive metamaterials: Mechanisms, fabrications, and applications.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Vat Photopolymerization of Smart Polymers for Biomedical Applications.ACS applied polymer materials · 2025Review
- Stimuli-responsive hybrid materials for 4DMaterials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Article
- Two-photon polymerization based 4D printing of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microarchitectures for reversible shape morphing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Xolography for Biomedical Applications: Dual-Color Light-Sheet Printing of Hydrogels With Local Control Over Shape and Stiffness.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Bioprinting-By-Design of Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials for In Situ Skin Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploration of 4D Printing and its Applications in the Biomedical Sciences.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Recent Developments and Applications of 3D-Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems: A New Research Direction and Future Trends.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Digital Light Processing of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels from Polyproline-Based Star Polypeptides.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- Four-Dimensional Printing of Multi-Material Origami and Kirigami-Inspired Hydrogel Self-Folding Structures.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecularly Engineered Supramolecular Thermoresponsive Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical and Dynamic Properties.Biomacromolecules · 2024Article
- Smart Multi-Responsive Biomaterials and Their Applications for 4D Bioprinting.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- 3D-Printed Hydrogels as Photothermal Actuators.Polymers · 2024Article
- Voxel Design of Grayscale DLP 3D-Printed Soft Robots.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Evolution of the Microrobots: Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technologies Turn Small Structures into Microscale Robots.Micromachines · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Advances and Future Directions in Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Hydrogel Scaffolds.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibiting physical or chemical changes in response to environmental conditions have attracted growing attention for the past few decades. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a temperature responsive hydrogel, has been extensively studied in various fields of science and engineering. However, manufacturing of PNIPAAm has been heavily relying on conventional methods such as molding and lithography techniques that are inherently limited to a two-dimensional (2D) space. Here we report the three-dimensional (3D) printing of PNIPAAm using a high-resolution digital additive manufacturing technique, projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL). Control of the temperature dependent deformation of 3D printed PNIPAAm is achieved by controlling manufacturing process parameters as well as polymer resin composition. Also demonstrated is a sequential deformation of a 3D printed PNIPAAm structure by selective incorporation of ionic monomer that shifts the swelling transition temperature of PNIPAAm. This fast, high resolution, and scalable 3D printing method for stimuli-responsive hydrogels may enable many new applications in diverse areas, including flexible sensors and actuators, bio-medical devices, and tissue engineering.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.