ArticleJournal of behavioral medicine2018
Time spent outdoors, activity levels, and chronic disease among American adults.
Article in Journal of behavioral medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06778252 (UrbanHEAT), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
UrbanHEAT: Pilot of Prospective Observational Study of Health Behaviors, Outcomes, and Disparities in Individually Experienced Temperature Across an Urban Community
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Indoor Plants on Human Functions: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- An Actual Natural Setting Improves Mood Better Than Its Virtual Counterpart: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Data.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- The Park Rx trial to increase physical activity among low-income youth.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Trial
- Cutaneous microvascular function is reduced in winter compared with summer in healthy young adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- A systematic review and meta-analyses of the relationships between active outdoor play and 24-hour movement behaviors.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Review
- Multi-criteria spatial assessment of urban open spaces for promoting physical activity and spatial justice: a case study of Tehran metropolitan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of changes in leisure activities on incident disability among older adults: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- 2025 Position statement on active outdoor play.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Review
- Association of changes in overall and specific leisure activities with long-term all-cause mortality in older adults: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Prioritizing urban heat adaptation infrastructure based on multiple outcomes: Comfort, health, and energy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Green space attributes and their impact on perceived stress in Poland.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Outdoor Exercise for People with Rheumatic Disease-Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics of the OUTdoor Physical ACtivity Cohort (OUTPAC).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- "I Prefer High-Intensity Exercise"-A Qualitative Study of Men's Experiences with a Nature-Based Exercise Program for People with Arthritis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Outdoor physical activity is not associated with better mental health in a sample of predominantly Black people, but spending time in parks is.Urban forestry & urban greening · 2024Article
- Feeling Connected to Nature Attenuates the Association between Complicated Grief and Mental Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Exploring the Disparity in Indoor/Outdoor Time and Radon Exposure as Possible Factors Contributing to the Unexpected Increase in Lung Cancer Risk among Non-Smoking Women.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2024Article
- Improving adjustment to daylight saving time transitions with light.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tree-Based Machine Learning to Identify Predictors of Psoriasis Incidence at the Neighborhood Level: A Populational Study from Quebec, Canada.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Article
- Quantifying the relationship between gardening and health and well-being in the UK: a survey during the covid-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Quantifying Nature: Introducing NatureScoreAmerican journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic diseases-including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic conditions such as diabetes and obesity-account for over 60% of overall global mortality. Sedentary time increases the risk for chronic disease incidence and mortality, while moderate to vigorous physical activity is known to decrease risk. Most Americans spend at least half of their time sedentary, with a trend toward increasingly sedentary lifestyles, and few Americans achieve recommended levels of physical activity. Time spent outdoors has been associated with reduced sedentary time and increased physical activity among children/youth and the elderly, but few population-based studies have examined this relationship among working age adults who may face greater constraints on active, outdoor time. This study examines the relationship between time spent outdoors, activity levels, and several chronic health conditions among a population-based sample of working age American adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2009-2012. Findings provide evidence that time spent outdoors, on both work days and non-work days, is associated with less time spent sedentary and more time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Further, findings indicate that time spent outdoors is associated with lower chronic disease risk; while these associations are partially explained by activity levels, controlling for activity levels does not fully attenuate the relationship between time outdoors and chronic disease risk. While cross-sectional, study findings support the notion that increasing time spent outdoors could result in more active lifestyles and lower chronic disease risk. Future work should examine this relationship longitudinally to determine a causal direction. Additional work is also needed to identify mechanisms beyond physical activity, such as psychosocial stress, that could contribute to explaining the relationship between time spent outdoors and chronic disease risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.