ArticleOncogene2018
Clofarabine inhibits Ewing sarcoma growth through a novel molecular mechanism involving direct binding to CD99.
Article in Oncogene, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression profile association with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Mechanisms and Design Principles of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras and Their Emerging Applications.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Exploring adenosine analogs for chondrosarcoma therapy:Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- CD99: A Key Regulator in Immune Response and Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- A Bayesian active learning platform for scalable combination drug screens.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pharmacological targeting of P300/CBP reveals EWS::FLI1-mediated senescence evasion in Ewing sarcoma.Molecular cancer · 2024Article
- Recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Nucleosidic CD99 inhibitors that selectively reduce Ewing sarcoma viability.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Targeting Ribonucleotide Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in PP2A-Deficient Uterine Serous Carcinoma.Cancer research · 2022Article
- CD99 in malignant hematopoiesis.Experimental hematology · 2022Review
- Still no Rest for the Reductases: Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) Structure and Function: An Update.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides deregulation in critical COVID-19: A potential link to molecular pathophysiology?Proteomics · 2021Article
- Preclinical In Vivo Modeling of Pediatric Sarcoma-Promises and Limitations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- SPRD: a surface plasmon resonance database of common factors for better experimental planning.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2021Article
- Clofarabine induces ERK/MSK/CREB activation through inhibiting CD99 on Ewing sarcoma cells.PloS one · 2021Article
- GDF6-CD99 Signaling Regulates Src and Ewing Sarcoma Growth.Cell reports · 2020Article
- Review
- Clofarabine Commandeers the RNR-α-ZRANB3 Nuclear Signaling Axis.Cell chemical biology · 2020Article
- Review
- EWSR1/FUS-NFATc2 rearranged round cell sarcoma: clinicopathological series of 4 cases and literature review.Human pathology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue malignancy that predominantly affects children and adolescents. CD99 is a cell surface protein that is highly expressed on ES cells and is required to maintain their malignancy. We screened small molecule libraries for binding to extracellular domain of recombinant CD99 and subsequent inhibition of ES cell growth. We identified two structurally similar FDA-approved compounds, clofarabine and cladribine that selectively inhibited the growth of ES cells in a panel of 14 ES vs. 28 non-ES cell lines. Both drugs inhibited CD99 dimerization and its interaction with downstream signaling components. A membrane-impermeable analog of clofarabine showed similar cytotoxicity in culture, suggesting that it can function through inhibiting CD99 independent of DNA metabolism. Both drugs drastically inhibited anchorage-independent growth of ES cells, but clofarabine was more effective in inhibiting growth of three different ES xenografts. Our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for clofarabine that involves direct binding to a cell surface receptor CD99 and inhibiting its biological activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.