ReviewArchives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition2018
Why are preterm newborns at increased risk of infection?
Review in Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05266664 (Preterm Immune System Development and Response to Immunization), which is not on this map. Cited by 145 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Preterm Immune System Development and Response to Immunization
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of neonatal sepsis among HIV exposed neonates of mothers on integrase strand transfer inhibitors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and the risk of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of pulmonary surfactant therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Respiratory infections in children born preterm in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Pediatric pulmonology · 2022Pooled it
- DHA Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation-Associated Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Mothers Who Deliver Preterm.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Neonatal Unit Colonization Pressure and Acquisition of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Gut Colonization.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Guides, algorithms and other support tools to improve neonatal and pediatric venous access care: A scoping review.Journal of hospital medicine · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Severe Respiratory Support Requirement in Neonates with Gram-Negative Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Severe Early Congenital Syphilis with Multiorgan Involvement in a Preterm Neonate: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Harnessing the glycolysis-TCA cycle axis to boost host defense against neonatal infection.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- From Gram-Negative Neonatal Sepsis to Neurodevelopmental Impairment: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Maternal knowledge and clinically relevant care gaps in preterm infant care in Gaza, Palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Impact of targeted infection prevention and control interventions on bloodstream infections and colonization with carbapenem-resistant organisms among hospitalized neonates, Bangladesh, 2023-2024.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Risk factors and outcomes of delayed completion of the hexavalent 3 + 1 immunisation series in German preterm infants - an observational study.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sex differences in preterm cytokine and inflammasome responses and modulation by exogenous sex steroids.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Positive Tests in Neonates: Clinical Outcomes, Transmission Pathways, and Immune Vulnerability-Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Real-world efficacy of comprehensive measures against mother-to-child transmission of HBV in south-eastern Jiangsu, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Hospital-acquired infections in preterm infants with gestational age <32 weeks: a retrospective study of clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, and associated factors.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The immune system of preterm infants: an overview.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One in 10 newborns will be born before completion of 36 weeks' gestation (premature birth). Infection and sepsis in preterm infants remain a significant clinical problem that represents a substantial financial burden on the healthcare system. Many factors predispose premature infants for having the greatest risk of developing and succumbing to infection as compared with all other age groups across the age spectrum. It is clear that the immune system of preterm infants exhibits distinct, rather than simply deficient, function as compared with more mature and older humans and that the immune function in preterm infants contributes to infection risk. While no single review can cover all aspects of immune function in this population, we will discuss key aspects of preterm neonatal innate and adaptive immune function that place them at high risk for developing infections and sepsis, as well as sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.