ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2018
Quality medicines in maternal health: results of oxytocin, misoprostol, magnesium sulfate and calcium gluconate quality audits.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing Medicine Quality by Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis across Low- and Middle-Income Countries.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Pooled it
- Assessing the quality of antenatal corticosteroids in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Quality of medicines for life-threatening pregnancy complications in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Carbetocin vs oxytocin for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Barriers and bottlenecks to implementation of WHO recommendations for prevention, detection, and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: a mixed-methods triangulation study.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Nearly one in five essential medicines fail quality standards in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of MNCH medicines and antimalarials.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Comparison of the Effects of Carbetocin and Oxytocin Injections in the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage.Cureus · 2025Article
- Postpartum hemorrhage: Findings of a global survey by the World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- The economic and health impact of substandard uterotonic use for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in three Sub-Saharan African countries: a comparative analysis.Health research policy and systems · 2025Article
- Establishing Sustainable Access to Quality Uterotonics in Kano, Lagos and Niger States-A Supply Chain Perspective.The International journal of health planning and management · 2025Article
- Modeling the economic and health impact of substandard uterotonics in Senegal.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness results comparing heat-stable carbetocin & other uterotonics in postpartum heamorrhage prevention in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Modelling the economic impact of substandard uterotonics on postpartum haemorrhage in Nigeria: safeguarding medicine quality can reduce costs and contribute towards universal health coverage.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Post-marketing quality evaluation of oxytocin injection and assessment of associated factors among selected health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Implementation Research Study on Uterotonics Use Patterns and Heat-stable Carbetocin Acceptability and Safety for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Nigeria.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2024Article
- Quality of Essential Medicines from Different Sources in Enugu and Anambra, Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Landscape assessment of the availability of medical abortion medicines in India.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- The quality of medicines for the prevention and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Novel Hydrolytic Degradable Crosslinked Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks (IPNs): An Efficient Hybrid System to Manage the Controlled Release and Degradation of Misoprostol.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Quality of oxytocin and tranexamic acid for the prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Tanzania.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe high level of maternal mortality and morbidity as a result of complications due to childbirth is unacceptable. The impact of quality medicines in the management of these complications cannot be overemphasized. Most of those medicines are sensitive to environmental conditions and must be handled properly. In this study, the quality of oxytocin injection, misoprostol tablets, magnesium sulfate, and calcium gluconate injections was assessed across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
methodSimple, stratified random sampling of health facilities in each of the political zones of Nigeria. Analysis for identification and content of active pharmaceutical ingredient was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography procedures of 159 samples of oxytocin injection and 166 samples of misoprostol tablets. Titrimetric methods were used to analyze 164 samples of magnesium sulfate and 148 samples of calcium gluconate injection. Other tests included sterility, pH measurement, and fill volume.
resultsSamples of these commodities were procured mainly from wholesale and retail pharmacies, where these were readily available, while the federal medical centers reported low availability. Approximately, 74.2% of oxytocin injection samples failed the assay test, with the northeast and southeast zones registering the highest failure rates. Misoprostol tablets recorded a percentage failure of 33.7%. Magnesium sulfate and Calcium gluconate injection samples recorded a failure rate of 6.8% and 2.4%, respectively.
conclusionThe prevalence of particularly of oxytocin and misoprostol commodities was of substandard quality. Strengthening the supply chain of these important medicines is paramount to ensuring their effectiveness in reducing maternal deaths in Nigeria.
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Registered trials
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