SynthesisMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2018
Hormone therapy and urine protein excretion: a multiracial cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Kidney Health and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- A J-shaped link between body roundness index and albuminuria in U.S. adults: insights from NHANES 2005-2020.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Unveiling mechanisms underlying kidney function changes during sex hormone therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Observational
- Potential benefits of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in postmenopausal women with chronic kidney disease.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Supporting Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender Diverse Youth During Solid Organ Transplantation.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Review
- Gender Differences in Pharmacokinetics: A Perspective on Contrast Agents.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Occupational sedentary behavior and prediction of proteinuria in young to middle-aged adults: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of nephrology · 2021Article
- Providing Care for Transgender Persons With Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2021Review
- The Relationship Between Earlier Onset of Natural Menopause and Elevated Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Postmenopausal Chinese Women.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Medroxyprogesterone opposes estradiol-induced renal damage in midlife ovariectomized Long Evans rats.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Understanding sex differences in progression and prognosis of chronic kidney disease.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Effect of ovariectomy on the progression of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in female Cy/+ rats.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExperimental models suggest estrogen has a renoprotective effect, but human studies show variable results. Our objective was to study the association of hormone therapy (HT) and albuminuria in postmenopausal women and to synthesize the results with outcomes from prior studies.
methodsWe analyzed data from postmenopausal women who participated in the second study visit (2000-2004) of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. The exposure was self-reported HT use and the outcome was albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio >25 mg/g creatinine). We also conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of HT and urine protein in postmenopausal women. Continuous and dichotomous measures of protein excretion were converted to a standardized mean difference (SMD) for each study.
resultsIn the GENOA cohort (n = 2,217), there were fewer women with albuminuria among HT users than nonusers (9% vs 19%, P < 0.001). HT use was associated with decreased odds of albuminuria (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.95), after adjusting for significant differences in age, race, education, comorbidities, and the age at and cause of menopause. The SMD of the effect of HT on urine proteinuria/albuminuria in the randomized control trials (n = 3) was 0.02 (95% CI, -0.29 to 0.33) and -0.13 (95% CI, -0.31 to 0.05) in the observational studies (n = 9). There was significantly less albuminuria among HT users (SMD -0.15, 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.04) in the 9 studies that only reported albuminuria as an outcome and in the 10 studies with a comparator arm (SMD -0.15, 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.04).
conclusionsHT is associated with decreased odds of albuminuria, but some of the observed benefits may be related to reported outcomes, the presence of a comparator arm, and the type of study design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.