ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2018
Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 286 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
286 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
- Life satisfaction and blood pressure: A coordinated analysis of 16 cohorts.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Pooled it
- Trends and mechanistic insights into hypertension-associated hearing loss: a 20-year perspective (2005-2025).Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Behavior Change Techniques Used in Self-Management Interventions Based on mHealth Apps for Adults With Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiovascular diseases as risk factors of post-COVID syndrome: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Sex- and Gender-Based Reporting in Antihypertensive Medication Literature Informing Hypertension Guidelines.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Pooled it
- β-Adrenergic receptors mediate sex differences in vasodilation but not sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction during hypoxia.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Influence ofAnnals of medicine · 2026Article
- IRAP deficiency preserves renal function and attenuates pathology in aged mice.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Seasonal variation in day-to-day blood pressure variability: large-scale within-individual home blood pressure data.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Engineering neurovascular thrombosis: Light-based bioprinting for patient-specific modeling and women's cerebrovascular health.Science advances · 2026Review
- Sex differences in urinary extracellular vesicles originating from the genitourinary system in health and disease.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in renal acid-base regulation.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026Review
- Sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and organ damage in Hypertensive Urgencies.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- Sexual dimorphic pattern of renal transporters and channels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Hypertension in Women: Interactions Between Vascular Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Hormonal Regulation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Association ofGenes · 2026Article
- Metabolomic signature of ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Association between gut microbiota diet index and cardiovascular disease in US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007-2018.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Gdf15 expression in thermogenic adipocytes regulates diet-induced weight gain in a sex-dependent manner.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
226 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although intrinsic mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure (BP) are similar in men and women, marked variations exist at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. These physiological disparities between the sexes likely contribute to differences in disease onset, susceptibility, prevalence and treatment responses. Key systems that are important in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the immune system, are differentially activated in males and females. Biological age also contributes to sexual dimorphism, as premenopausal women experience a higher degree of cardioprotection than men of similar age. Furthermore, sex hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone as well as sex chromosome complement likely contribute to sex differences in BP and CVD. At the cellular level, differences in cell senescence pathways may contribute to increased longevity in women and may also limit organ damage caused by hypertension. In addition, many lifestyle and environmental factors - such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet - may influence BP and CVD in a sex-specific manner. Evidence suggests that cardioprotection in women is lost under conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment strategies for hypertension and CVD that are tailored according to sex could lead to improved outcomes for affected patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.