ArticlePituitary2018
Fall in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) may be an early marker of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis.
Article in Pituitary, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: a retrospective analysis of 76 cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Pituitary Immune Environment and Immunotherapy: From Hypophysitis to Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Cells · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis: clinical and biochemical features.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Endocrinopathies following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapies very frequently induce secondary adrenal insufficiency.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy: clinical challenges.Endocrine connections · 2021Review
- Predicting development of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: utility of T4 and TSH index but not TSH.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Management of endocrine immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: an updated review.Endocrine connections · 2020Review
- Managing Ipilimumab-Induced Hypophysitis: Challenges and Current Therapeutic Strategies.Cancer management and research · 2020Review
- Hypophysitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a 10-year assessment.Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2019Review
- Autoimmune antibodies correlate with immune checkpoint therapy-induced toxicities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: assessment, management and monitoring.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHypophysitis develops in up to 19% of melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody. Early detection may avert life-threatening hypopituitarism. We aimed to assess the incidence of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IH) at a quaternary melanoma referral centre, and to determine whether cortisol or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) monitoring could predict IH onset.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of ipilimumab-treated patients at a quaternary melanoma referral centre in Australia. The inclusion criteria were patients with metastatic or unresectable melanoma treated with ipilimumab monotherapy, and cortisol and TSH measurements prior to ≥ 2 infusions. The main outcomes were IH incidence and TSH and cortisol patterns in patients who did and did not develop IH.
resultsOf 78 ipilimumab-treated patients, 46 met the study criteria and 9/46 (20%) developed IH at a median duration of 13.0 weeks (range 7.7-18.1) following ipilimumab initiation. All patients whose TSH fell ≥ 80% compared to baseline developed IH, and, in 5/9 patients with IH, TSH fell prior to cortisol fall and IH diagnosis. Pre-cycle-4 TSH was significantly lower in those who developed IH (0.31 vs. 1.73 mIU/L, P = 0.006). TSH fall was detected at a median time of 9.2 (range 7.7-16.4) weeks after commencing ipilimumab, and a median of 3.6 (range of - 1.4 to 9.7) weeks before IH diagnosis. There was no difference in TSH between the groups before cycles 1-3 or in cortisol before cycles 1-4.
conclusionsTSH fall ≥ 80% may be an early marker of IH. Serial TSH measurement during ipilimumab therapy may be an inexpensive tool to expedite IH diagnosis.
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