ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2018
Ancient Diversification of Three-Finger Toxins in Micrurus Coral Snakes.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Red-on-Yellow Queen: Bio-Layer Interferometry Reveals Functional Diversity Within Micrurus Venoms and Toxin Resistance in Prey Species.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
- High-Voltage Toxin'Roll: Electrostatic Charge Repulsion as a Dynamic Venom Resistance Trait in Pythonid Snakes.Toxins · 2024Article
- Article
- Varying Modes of Selection Among Toxin Families in the Venoms of the Giant Desert Hairy Scorpions (Hadrurus).Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- Domain loss enabled evolution of novel functions in the snake three-finger toxin gene superfamily.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Dynamic genetic differentiation drives the widespread structural and functional convergent evolution of snake venom proteinaceous toxins.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Three-Finger Toxins from Brazilian Coral Snakes: From Molecular Framework to Insights in Biological Function.Toxins · 2021Article
- Electric Blue: Molecular Evolution of Three-Finger Toxins in the Long-Glanded Coral Snake SpeciesToxins · 2021Article
- Assessing the Binding of Venoms from Aquatic Elapids to the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Site of Different Prey Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Widespread Evolution of Molecular Resistance to Snake Venom α-Neurotoxins in Vertebrates.Toxins · 2020Article
- Evolutionary Interpretations of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Targeting Venom Effects by a Clade of Asian Viperidae Snakes.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Fulditoxin, representing a new class of dimeric snake toxins, defines novel pharmacology at nicotinic ACh receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- An Appetite for Destruction: Detecting Prey-Selective Binding of α-Neurotoxins in the Venom of Afro-Asian Elapids.Toxins · 2020Article
- Three-Finger Toxin Diversification in the Venoms of Cat-Eye Snakes (Colubridae: Boiga).Journal of molecular evolution · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coral snakes, most notably the genus Micrurus, are the only terrestrial elapid snakes in the Americas. Elapid venoms are generally known for their potent neurotoxicity which is usually caused by Three-Finger Toxin (3FTx) proteins. These toxins can have a wide array of functions that have been characterized from the venom of other elapids. We examined publicly available sequences from Micrurus 3FTx to show that they belong to 8 monophyletic clades that diverged as deep in the 3FTx phylogenetic tree as the other clades with characterized functions. Functional residues from previously characterized clades of 3FTx are not well conserved in most of the Micrurus toxin clades. We also analyzed the patterns of selection on these toxins and find that they have been diversifying at different rates, with some having undergone extreme diversifying selection. This suggests that Micrurus 3FTx may contain a previously underappreciated functional diversity that has implications for the clinical outcomes of bite victims, the evolution and ecology of the genus, as well as the potential for biodiscovery efforts focusing on these toxins.
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