ArticleScientific reports2018
Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Apple Cider Vinegar Powder Mitigates Liver Injury in High-Fat-Diet Mice via Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Remodeling.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Enhancing the Bioactive Properties of Sugarcane Vinegar ThroughAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Lactic Acid Bacteria in Vinegar Fermentation: Diversity, Functionality and Health Benefits.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vinegar postbiotic solutions obtained from five red fruits processed using traditional methods exhibit different biochemical properties and antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Synergistic Amelioration of Letrozole-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: A Therapeutic Approach with Apple Cider Vinegar and Metformin Combination.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- The Chemical Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Live Fruit or Vegetable Vinegars Available on the Polish Food Market.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Apple cider vinegar for weight management in Lebanese adolescents and young adults with overweight and obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- Antibacterial efficiency of apple vinegar marination on beef-borneOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Exploring the Bioactive Compounds in Some Apple Vinegar Samples and Their Biological Activities.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Improve the Gut Microbiota and Help Combat Fungal Infection.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Antifungal Activity of Water-Based Adhesives Derived from Pineapple Stem Flour with Apple Cider Vinegar as an Additive.Polymers · 2023Article
- Evaluation of apple (Translational animal science · 2023Article
- Bacterial vaginosis: a review of approaches to treatment and prevention.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Review
- Drying Kinetic of Jaboticaba Berries and Natural Fermentation for Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Vinegar.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mangosteen vinegar from Garcinia mangostana: quality improvement and antioxidant properties.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Article
- Contribution to the Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Vinegar Commercialized in Morocco.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global escalation in antibiotic resistance cases means alternative antimicrobials are essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of apple cider vinegar (ACV) against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimum dilution of ACV required for growth inhibition varied for each microbial species. For C. albicans, a 1/2 ACV had the strongest effect, S. aureus, a 1/25 dilution ACV was required, whereas for E-coli cultures, a 1/50 ACV dilution was required (p < 0.05). Monocyte co-culture with microbes alongside ACV resulted in dose dependent downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6). Results are expressed as percentage decreases in cytokine secretion comparing ACV treated with non-ACV treated monocytes cultured with E-coli (TNFα, 99.2%; IL-6, 98%), S. aureus (TNFα, 90%; IL-6, 83%) and C. albicans (TNFα, 83.3%; IL-6, 90.1%) respectively. Proteomic analyses of microbes demonstrated that ACV impaired cell integrity, organelles and protein expression. ACV treatment resulted in an absence in expression of DNA starvation protein, citrate synthase, isocitrate and malate dehydrogenases in E-coli; chaperone protein DNak and ftsz in S. aureus and pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate were among the enzymes absent in C.albican cultures. The results demonstrate ACV has multiple antimicrobial potential with clinical therapeutic implications.
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