ArticleEuropean journal of pharmacology2018
Involvement of the N/OFQ-NOP system in rat morphine antinociceptive tolerance: Are astrocytes the crossroad?
Article in European journal of pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Different Opioid Drugs on Oxidative Status and Proteasome Activity in SH-SY5Y Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Docking of Chimeric Peptides Targeting Opioid and NOP Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Spinal heat shock protein 27 participates in PDGFRβ-mediated morphine tolerance through PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signalling pathways.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Opioid Receptors in Immune and Glial Cells-Implications for Pain Control.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect is a main problem associated with the repeated administration of opioids. The progressively higher doses required to relieve pain reduce safety and exacerbate the side effects of classical opioid receptor agonists like morphine. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its NOP receptor constitute the fourth endogenous opioid system that is involved in the control of broad spectrum of biological functions, including pain transmission. Aim of this work was to evaluate the relevance of the N/OFQ-NOP system in morphine antinociceptive action and in the development of morphine tolerance in the rat. Continuous spinal intrathecal infusion of morphine (1-3 nmol/h) evoked analgesic effects for 5 days in wild type animals. The same doses infused in NOP(-/-) rats showed a lower analgesic efficacy, while the onset of tolerance was delayed to day 9. N/OFQ (1-3 nmol/h), continuously infused in NOP(+/+) animals, showed an analgesic profile similar to morphine. Immunohistochemical analysis of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of morphine tolerant NOP(+/+) rats showed an increased number of Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells (microglia and astrocytes, respectively). Interestingly, microglia but not astrocyte activation was observed in NOP(-/-) morphine tolerant rat. A selective activation of astrocytes was observed in the dorsal horn of wild type N/OFQ tolerant rats. The antinociceptive effect of morphine partially depends by the N/OFQ-NOP system that participates in the development of morphine tolerance. In particular, NOP receptors are involved in morphine-induced astrocyte activation, and N/OFQ per se increases astrocyte density.
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