SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2018
Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Open-label, Superiority, Multicenter, Two-arm Intervention Study of the Effect of "High-intensity" vs. 'Low-intensity' Smoking Cessation Intervention in Active Smokers With COPD
Evaluating the Efficacy of Cannabidiol for Reducing Cigarette Use
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Study Characteristics Influence the Efficacy of Substance Abuse Treatments: A Meta-analysis of Medications for Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Pooled it
- Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Longitudinal Findings from a Randomized Clinical Trial of Varenicline for Alcohol Use Disorder with Comorbid Cigarette Smoking.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Trial
- Helping teens quit: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Nicotine dependence and insula subregions: functional connectivity and cue-induced activation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- No controversy: e-cigarettes are not a treatment for tobacco/nicotine cessation.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2022Article
- Electronic Cigarettes: A Pro-Con Review of the Current Literature.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Review
- Molecular Mingling: Multimodal Predictions of Ligand Promiscuity in Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Self-Administration of Cotinine in Wistar Rats: Comparisons to Nicotine.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Varenicline rescues nicotine-induced decrease in motivation for sucrose reinforcement.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Cotinine: Pharmacologically Active Metabolite of Nicotine and Neural Mechanisms for Its Actions.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Review
- Defining and Measuring Abstinence in Clinical Trials of Smoking Cessation Interventions: An Updated Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Nicotine delivery and users' reactions to Juul compared with cigarettes and other e-cigarette products.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Role of e-cigarettes and pharmacotherapy during attempts to quit cigarette smoking: The PATH Study 2013-16.PloS one · 2020Article
- Toxicity classification of e-cigarette flavouring compounds based on European Union regulation: analysis of findings from a recent study.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Vape Gods and Judaism-E-cigarettes and Jewish Law.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2019Review
- Modelling continuous abstinence rates over time from clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Review
- Perceived health effects of vaping among Hungarian adult e-cigarette-only and dual users: a cross-sectional internet survey.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Knowledge and risk perceptions of Israelis towards combustible cigarettes: the need for immediate remedial action.Israel journal of health policy research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsAlthough smoking cessation medications have shown effectiveness in increasing abstinence in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it is unclear to what extent benefits persist over time. This paper assesses whether the benefits of smoking cessation medications decline over the first year.
methodsWe selected studies from three systematic reviews published by the Cochrane Collaboration. RCTs of first-line smoking cessation medications, with 6- and 12-month follow-up, were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize information on sustained abstinence (SA) at 6 versus 12 months and 3 versus 6 months, using the risk difference (RD) ('net benefit') between intervention and control group quit rates, the relative risk (RR) and the odds ratio (OR).
resultsSixty-one studies (27 647 participants) were included. Fewer than 40% of intervention group participants were sustained abstinent at 3 months (bupropion: 37.1%; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): 34.8%; varenicline: 39.3%); approximately a quarter were sustained abstinent at 6 months (bupropion: 25.9%; NRT: 26.6%; varenicline: 25.4%), and approximately a fifth were sustained abstinent at 12 months (bupropion: 19.9%; NRT: 19.8%%; varenicline: 18.7%). There was only a small decline in RR (3 months: 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.74-2.18, P < 0.0001]; 6 months: 1.87 (95% CI = 1.67-2.08 P < 0.0001); 12 months: 1.75 (95% CI = 1.56-1.95, P < 0.0001) between intervention and control groups over time, but a substantial decline in net benefit [3 months: RD = 17.3% (14.5-20.1%); 6 months: RD = 11.8% (10.0-13.7%); 12 months: RD = 8.2% (6.8-9.6%)]. The decline in net benefit was statistically significant between 3 and 6 [RD = 4.95% (95% CI = 3.49-6.41%), P < 0.0001] and 6 and 12 months [RD = 3.00% (95% CI = 2.36%-3.64%), P < 0.0001)] for medications combined and individual medications.
conclusionsThe proportion of smokers who use smoking cessation medications who benefit from doing so decreases during the course of the first year, but a net benefit still remains at 12 months.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.