ArticleTransfusion2018
Accuracy of international classification of diseases, ninth revision, codes for postpartum hemorrhage among women undergoing cesarean delivery.
Article in Transfusion, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association of Antidepressants in Late Pregnancy with Postpartum Hemorrhage: Systematic Review of Controlled Observational Studies.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Categorizing differences in postpartum hemorrhage management and associated clinical factors.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Estimating the incidence and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage from the national ENACT network.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Estimating the incidence and risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage from the national ENACT network.Research square · 2025Article
- Zero-shot interpretable phenotyping of postpartum hemorrhage using large language models.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Article
- Accuracy of identifying hospital acquired venous thromboembolism by administrative coding: implications for big data and machine learning research.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2022Article
- A comprehensive digital phenotype for postpartum hemorrhage.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
- Accuracy of postpartum hemorrhage coding in the Swedish Pregnancy Register.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2021Article
- The association between postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum depression: A Swedish national register-based study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Hospital discharge data is not accurate enough to monitor the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.PloS one · 2021Article
- A principled framework for phenotyping postpartum hemorrhage across multiple levels of severity.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDetermining the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is vital for reaching valid conclusions about the epidemiology of PPH. Our primary objectives were to assess the performance characteristics of ICD-9 PPH codes against a reference standard using estimated blood loss (EBL) among a cohort undergoing Cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsWe analyzed maternal discharge and EBL data from women who underwent Cesarean delivery at Kaiser Permanente Northern California facilities between 2010 and 2013. We defined PPH as an EBL of at least 1000 mL. In a secondary analysis, ICD-9 performance characteristics were assessed using an EBL of at least 1500 mL to classify severe PPH.
resultsWe identified 35,614 hospitalizations for Cesarean delivery. Using EBL of at least 1000 mL as the "gold standard," PPH codes had a sensitivity of 27.8%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 74.5%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80.9%. The prevalence of a PPH code (9%) was lower than the prevalence using a blood loss of at least 1000 mL (24%). Using a reference standard of EBL of at least 1500 mL, PPH codes had a sensitivity of 61.7%, specificity of 93.8%, PPV of 34.2%, and NPV of 97.9%.
conclusionPPH ICD-9 codes have high specificity, moderately high PPVs and NPVs, and low sensitivity. An EBL of at least 1500 mL as a reference standard has higher sensitivity. Our findings suggest that, for women undergoing Cesarean delivery, quality improvement efforts are needed to enhance PPH ICD-9 coding accuracy in administrative data sets.
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