ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2018
Blood-brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,768 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,768 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,858 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation between MMP-3-1171 5A/6A polymorphism and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of metalloproteinases in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Pooled it
- Convergent blood-brain barrier breakdown in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of preclinical animal models.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Pooled it
- Outcomes of modern total joint arthroplasty in patients with dementia: a systematic review of challenges and considerations for perioperative care.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Neurodegeneration: a Systematic Review of Cholinesterase Enzyme Interactions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal gut microbiota mediates prenatal stress-induced fetal blood‒brain barrier dysfunction.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Glimepiride alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation in mice with intracerebral haemorrhage.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Unveiling the cognitive fog in lung cancer patients: non-invasive exploration of blood-brain barrier disruption and brain structural changes.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals: Key modulators of AD neuroinflammation via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- Cardiopulmonary and Immune Effects of Environmental Particulate Exposures.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Caffeine and Exercise in Obesity-Associated Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration: Mechanistic Insights into AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, BDNF/TrkB, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- "Morphological, Functional, and Molecular Progression of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease".Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- Cystatin C and its Role in the Neuro-Glial-Vascular Unit: Implications for Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurodegeneration.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Timing and duration of diabetes and incident dementia in older adults: a prospective cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Vascular profiling of the spinal cord and cortex reveals region-specific endothelial dysfunction and fibroblast remodeling in human ALS.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Cross-phenotype and cross-species integrative genomic prioritization of FOXF2 and FOXC1 at a cerebral small vessel disease locus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Pharmacological modulation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 signaling by nano-immunomodulators in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- From Design to Bedside: Brain-Targeted Engineered Nanoparticles and Predictive Modeling for Neurodegenerative Diseases Therapeutics.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
1,708 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a continuous endothelial membrane within brain microvessels that has sealed cell-to-cell contacts and is sheathed by mural vascular cells and perivascular astrocyte end-feet. The BBB protects neurons from factors present in the systemic circulation and maintains the highly regulated CNS internal milieu, which is required for proper synaptic and neuronal functioning. BBB disruption allows influx into the brain of neurotoxic blood-derived debris, cells and microbial pathogens and is associated with inflammatory and immune responses, which can initiate multiple pathways of neurodegeneration. This Review discusses neuroimaging studies in the living human brain and post-mortem tissue as well as biomarker studies demonstrating BBB breakdown in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV-1-associated dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The pathogenic mechanisms by which BBB breakdown leads to neuronal injury, synaptic dysfunction, loss of neuronal connectivity and neurodegeneration are described. The importance of a healthy BBB for therapeutic drug delivery and the adverse effects of disease-initiated, pathological BBB breakdown in relation to brain delivery of neuropharmaceuticals are briefly discussed. Finally, future directions, gaps in the field and opportunities to control the course of neurological diseases by targeting the BBB are presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.