ArticleJournal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology2018
National Patterns of Commonly Prescribed Psychotropic Medications to Young People.
Article in Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risks and Benefits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication on Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Qualitative Review of Pharmacoepidemiology Studies Using Linked Prescription Databases.Biological psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Natural and Conventional Psychiatric Treatments: A Comparative Review of Mushroom-Derived Compounds and Medicinal Plants in the Management of Mental Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Social deprivation in adolescence and risk of depression in young adulthood: a longitudinal analysis of linked administrative data from Northern Ireland.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- A longitudinal analysis of the clinical practice of ketamine assisted psychotherapy with adolescents and young adults.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Medication-Related Impacts on Pediatric Bone Health.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2025Review
- Off-label drug use in children and adolescents treated with antidepressants and antipsychotics: results from a prospective multicenter trial.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Serotonin-dopamine interactions in psychostimulant-induced gene regulation: SSRI antidepressants potentiate gene regulation by methylphenidate (Ritalin) in the striatum and enhance behavioral profile indicative of addiction liability in rodents.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Association between a publicly funded universal drug program and antipsychotic and antidepressant medication dispensing to children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Treatment Utilization Pattern of Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Article
- Review
- Geographic variation and sociodemographic correlates of prescription psychotropic drug use among children and youth in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in adolescents with multiple psychiatric diagnoses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Evidence for machine learning guided early prediction of acute outcomes in the treatment of depressed children and adolescents with antidepressants.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
- Serious Adverse Drug Reactions in Children and Adolescents Treated On- and Off-Label with Antidepressants and Antipsychotics in Clinical Practice.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2022Article
- Development of a Symptom-Focused Model to Guide the Prescribing of Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents: Results of the First Phase of the Safer Use of Antipsychotics in Youth (SUAY) Clinical Trial.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2022Article
- A Retrospective Examination of the Impact of Pharmacotherapy on Parent-Child Interaction Therapy.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Preoperative Care Assessment of Need Scores Are Associated With Postoperative Mortality and Length of Stay in Veterans Undergoing Knee Replacement.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2021Article
- The Use of Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, and Stimulants in Youth Residential Care.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Changes over a decade in psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disabilities: prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- The Use of Sleep Medication in Youth Residential Care.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe national annual prescribing patterns of stimulant, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications to young people.
methodsPrescriptions for three commonly prescribed psychotropic classes (stimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics) to young people aged 3-24 years were analyzed from the IMS LifeLink LRx National Longitudinal Prescription database (n = 6,351,482). Denominators were adjusted to generalize estimates to the U.S. POPULATION: Comparisons are presented of percentages filling ≥1 prescription of each medication class during the study year stratified by patient sex, age, and prescriber specialty.
resultsThe total annual percentage of prescriptions filled by youth for any of the three medication classes was by age 3-5 years (0.8%), 6-12 years (5.4%), 13-18 years (7.7%), and 19-24 years (6.0%). Stimulant use was highest for older children (age 11 = 5.7%). Antidepressant use tended to increase with age and was highest for young adults (age 24 = 4.8%). Annual antipsychotic prescription percentages were lower than antidepressant or stimulant percentages for all age groups, with a peak in adolescence (age 16 = 1.3%). Annual stimulant and antipsychotic percentages for males were higher than corresponding percentages for females, but converged for young adults. Psychiatrists and child psychiatrists accounted for most of the prescriptions of antidepressants (22.2%-53.2%) and antipsychotics (51.7%-70%), but fewer of the stimulant prescriptions (30.4%-36.2%).
conclusionsThe age and sex distribution of stimulants and antidepressants among young people is broadly consistent with known epidemiologic patterns of their established indications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. The pattern of antipsychotics may reflect the heterogeneity of disorders and conditions treated with this medication class.
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Registered trials
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