ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2018
Bevacizumab Injection in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Increases Angiogenic Biomarkers.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06022744 (An Exploratory Clinical Trial Evaluating LX109 Gene Therapy in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration), which is not on this map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Exploratory Clinical Trial Evaluating LX109 Gene Therapy in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD)
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after aflibercept therapy for nAMD: a potential escape mechanism.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Trial
- Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Inflammatory Activation, Choroidal Neovascularization, and Lesion-Associated Remodeling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for posterior segment diseases: Progress, challenges, and the road ahead.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration management - Beyond anti-VEGF.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Persistent Cytotoxic Immune Signaling in Anti-VEGF-Treated Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes in aqueous humor cytokines and OCTA parameters during aflibercept loading in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The success-failure inversion in modern medicine.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of CRISPR-mediated genome ablation of VEGFA as a treatment for choroidal neovascularization in nonhuman primate eyes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Bispecific receptor decoys: A new player to a crowded field.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Bispecific receptor decoy proteins block ocular neovascularization via simultaneous blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor A and C.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- VEGF in Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Systemic counterregulatory response of angiopoietin-2 after intravitreal injections with faricimab for nAMD.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- The Landscape of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition in Retinal Diseases.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Article
- Analysis of the aqueous humor before and after the administration of faricimab in patients with nAMD.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Design and Characterization of a Novel Intravitreal Dual-Transgene Genetic Medicine for Neovascular Retinopathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Phase 1b Dose Escalation Study of Sozinibercept Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors C and D With Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Poor Response to Bevacizumab Correlates With Higher IL-6 and IL-8 Aqueous Cytokines in AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Aqueous Humor Cytokine Analysis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration After Switching From Aflibercept to Faricimab.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the expression of 19 angiogenic biomarkers in the aqueous humor before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
designProspective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
participantsTwenty-three eyes of 23 treatment-naïve patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to neovascular AMD.
methodsEyes were diagnosed with CNV secondary to neovascular AMD and were treated with 3 monthly IVBs. Aqueous humor samples were obtained by anterior chamber paracentesis at baseline and immediately before each intravitreal bevacizumab injection.
main outcome measuresAqueous humor levels of 19 angiogenic biomarkers (angiopoietin 2, bone morphogenetic protein 9 [BMP-9], epidermal growth factor [EGF], endoglin, endothelin 1, fibroblast growth factor [FGF]-1 and FGF-2, follistatin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [GCSF], heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor [HB-EGF], hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], interleukin 8, leptin, placental growth factor [PLGF], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases [TIMP]-1 and TIMP-2) were measured. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral-domain OCT parameters, and intraocular pressure also were evaluated.
resultsBaseline aqueous VEGF-A expression was elevated in all study eyes before treatment initiation. A statistically significant decrease of VEGF-A was observed at the 1- and 2-month follow-ups. A statistically significant increased concentration was observed in 7 biomarkers: VEGF-C, angiopoietin 2, endothelin 1, follistatin, HB-EGF, HGF, and interleukin 8. The other 11 study biomarker levels (VEGF-D, BMP-9, EGF, endoglin, FGF-1, FGF-2, GCSF, leptin, PLGF, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2) did not show any significant difference during follow-up. The BCVA statistically improved significantly at 2 months. Spectral-domain OCT parameters improved significantly at all follow-ups. Mean intraocular pressure values were not statistically different during the study period.
conclusionsDespite a decrease in VEGF-A, the aqueous levels of VEGF-C, angiopoietin 2, endothelin 1, follistatin, HB-EGF, HGF, and interleukin 8 increased significantly after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. These upregulated angiogenic biomarkers may represent new therapeutic targets in exudative AMD.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.