ArticleBioengineering & translational medicine2018
Schedule dependent synergy of gemcitabine and doxorubicin: Improvement of in vitro efficacy and lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation.
Article in Bioengineering & translational medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- PK-Informed Microphysiological Systems: From Dynamic Dosing to Quantitative In Vitro-In Vivo Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Preclinical Investigation of PLGA Nanocapsules and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Organoselenium Delivery: Comparative In Vitro Toxicological Profile and Anticancer Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Designing MOF-Thermogel Nanocomposites for Differential Multidrug Release in Combination Cancer Therapy.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Multifaced Anticancer Potential of Doxorubicin: Spotlight on Breast Cancer.Diseases & research · 2025Article
- Article
- Ultrasensitive Response Explains the Benefit of Combination Chemotherapy Despite Drug Antagonism.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2024Article
- Peptide-Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The UCHL5 inhibitor b-AP15 overcomes cisplatin resistance via suppression of cancer stemness in urothelial carcinoma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Synergistic Growth Inhibition of HT-29 Colon and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells with Simultaneous and Sequential Combinations of Antineoplastics and CNS Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- New Trends for Antimalarial Drugs: Synergism between Antineoplastics and Antimalarials on Breast Cancer Cells.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides as New Combination Agents in Cancer Therapeutics: A Promising Protocol against HT-29 Tumoral Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Chitosan Hydrogels for Synergistic Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Spheroids.Pharmaceutical research · 2020Article
- Modified gaphene oxide (GO) particles in peptide hydrogels: a hybrid system enabling scheduled delivery of synergistic combinations of chemotherapeutics.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2020Article
- A Microfluidic Perfusion Platform for In Vitro Analysis of Drug Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) Relationships.The AAPS journal · 2020Article
- Development of Liposomal Gemcitabine with High Drug Loading Capacity.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Role of synergy and immunostimulation in design of chemotherapy combinations: An analysis of doxorubicin and camptothecin.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2019Article
- A multifunctional biodegradable brush polymer-drug conjugate for paclitaxel/gemcitabine co-delivery and tumor imaging.Nanoscale advances · 2019Article
- Study of New Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Breast Cancer Using Drug Combinations.Biomolecules · 2018Article
- Nanostructured lipid carriers co-delivering lapachone and doxorubicin for overcoming multidrug resistance in breast cancer therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is commonly used to treat late stage cancer; however, treatment is often limited by systemic toxicity. Optimizing drug ratio and schedule can improve drug combination activity and reduce dose to lower toxicity. Here, we identify gemcitabine (GEM) and doxorubicin (DOX) as a synergistic drug pair in vitro for the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Drug synergy and caspase activity were increased the most by exposing cells to GEM prior to DOX in vitro. While the combination was more effective than the single drugs at inhibiting MDA-MB-231 growth in vivo, the clear schedule dependence observed in vitro was not observed in vivo. Differences in drug exposure and cellular behavior in vivo compared to in vitro are likely responsible. This study emphasizes the importance in understanding how schedule impacts drug synergy and the need to develop more advanced strategies to translate synergy to the clinic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.