ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2018
Safety threshold of intravitreal clonidine in rabbit's eyes.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular safety of intravitreal ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA): An experimental feasibility study.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine the safe dose of intravitreal clonidine (IVC), a potential drug for neuroprotection and angiogenesis inhibition in rabbits.
methodsA total of 28 rabbits were divided into four groups. Three groups received IVC with concentrations of 15 (Group A), 25 (Group B), and 50 (Group C) µg/0.1 mL and the control group (Group D) received 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS). To investigate IVC safety, electroretinography (ERG) was performed at baseline, then at 1, 4 and 8wk after injection. After last ERG, all rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated and subjected to routine histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test.
resultsBased on ERG, histopathology, GFAP and TUNEL assay findings, 15 µg IVC was determined as the safe dose in rabbit eyes. While, the results of routine histopathology and TUNEL assay were unremarkable in all groups, toxic effects attributed to 25 and 50 µg IVC were demonstrated by ERG and GFAP tests.
conclusionTotally 15 µg clonidine is determined as the safe dose for intravitreal injection in rabbits. Contribution of IVC in neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis deserve more studies.
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