ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2018
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals.
Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus prevalence and its association along the food chain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- Conflicts of interest in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrative reviews: associations with recommendations.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Development of a Classification Model for Intramammary Infection at Dry-Off Using Indirect Cow-Level Indicators.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in poultry meat in the mediterranean region: prevalence, public health implications, and control strategies: A review.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Impact of lactic acid bacteria andVeterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Effects of dietary methionine, betaine, and turmeric extract on growth performance, myogenic gene expression, serum protein profile, and intestinal histomorphology in broiler chickens.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Behavioral and economic drivers of antimicrobial use in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh: A qualitative study.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Paraprobiotics in Modern Broiler Production: Stability, Safety, and Multifunctional Benefits - a Comprehensive Review.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Prevalence of antibiotic residues in red meat across Mogadishu, Somalia.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for targeted detection of bovine respiratory disease bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial-resistance genes in feedlot calves.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2026Article
- Inferred Mobility-Resolved Resistome Architecture Suggests Recurrent Co-Resistance Modules on a Conserved Chromosomal Backbone in Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Integrated Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Cefotaxime/Clavulanic Acid Inhibitor-Positive Multidrug-ResistantAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Use and Resistance: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Broiler Farmers in Mzimba, Malawi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from beef at Ruti Rufura Slaughterhouse, southwestern Uganda.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from retail meat: Prevalence and public health implications.PloS one · 2026Article
- Virulome-resistome convergence in swine-associated multidrug-resistantFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles ofInternational journal of veterinary science and medicine · 2026Article
- Nutritional Impacts ofAquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Residues in Milk as a Consequence of Mastitis Treatment: Balancing Animal Welfare and One Health Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals selects for antimicrobial resistance that can be transmitted to humans via food or other transmission routes. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 ranked the medical importance of antimicrobials used in humans. In late 2017, to preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials for humans, WHO released guidelines on use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals that incorporated the latest WHO rankings. Methods: WHO commissioned systematic reviews and literature reviews, and convened a Guideline Development Group (GDG) of external experts free of unacceptable conflicts-of-interest. The GDG assessed the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, and formulated recommendations using a structured evidence-to-decision approach that considered the balance of benefits and harms, feasibility, resource implications, and impact on equity. The resulting guidelines were peer-reviewed by an independent External Review Group and approved by the WHO Guidelines Review Committee. Results: These guidelines recommend reductions in the overall use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals, including complete restriction of use of antimicrobials for growth promotion and for disease prevention (i.e., in healthy animals considered at risk of infection). These guidelines also recommend that antimicrobials identified as critically important for humans not be used in food-producing animals for treatment or disease control unless susceptibility testing demonstrates the drug to be the only treatment option. Conclusions: To preserve the effectiveness of medically important antimicrobials, veterinarians, farmers, regulatory agencies, and all other stakeholders are urged to adopt these recommendations and work towards implementation of these guidelines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.