ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
Immunomodulatory Therapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Coinfected Patients.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serious adverse events following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Host-Mediated Activity of Miltefosine in Leishmaniasis through Immunomodulation.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Visceral leishmaniasis: an integrated review of resistance mechanisms, host immunometabolism, and next generation therapeutics.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Application of ddPCR for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis patients: addition of an ultrasensitive tool to the diagnostic arsenal.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Revisiting visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: Ongoing gaps and advances in diagnostics, therapies, and preventive measures.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Visceral leishmaniasis in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients a case series of 17 patients from the Mediterranean Coast of Spain.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- In vitro drug susceptibility of Leishmania donovani from visceral leishmaniasis patients with and without HIV coinfection in Northwestern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Case Report: Long-Term Follow-Up of Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfected Patients Without Relapse: Lymphoproliferative Response After Stimulation with SolubleMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Insights to the HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis clinical outcome: lessons learned about immune mediated disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Chemokines MIG and IP-10 as Immunological Biomarkers of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Review
- Persistent T cell unresponsiveness associated with chronic visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-coinfected patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among HIV/Leishmaniasis Co-Infected Patients in Bihar, India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Comparison of serum cytokine levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-Leishmania coinfected individuals from a Brazilian visceral leishmaniasis endemic area.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Low antileishmanial drug exposure in HIV-positive visceral leishmaniasis patients on antiretrovirals: an Ethiopian cohort study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Knowledge, attitude and practices towards visceral leishmaniasis among HIV patients: A cross-sectional study from Bihar, India.PloS one · 2021Article
- Leucocytes and Th-associated Cytokine Profile of HIV-Leishmaniasis Co-Infected Persons Attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2020Article
- Leishmaniasis immunopathology-impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Study of therapeutic effect of different concentrations of imatinib on Balb/c model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.AIMS microbiology · 2020Article
- In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of octyl-β-D-galactofuranoside during Leishmania donovani infection.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection experience increased drug toxicity and treatment failure rates compared to VL patients, with more frequent VL relapse and death. In the era of VL elimination strategies, HIV coinfection is progressively becoming a key challenge, because HIV-coinfected patients respond poorly to conventional VL treatment and play an important role in parasite transmission. With limited chemotherapeutic options and a paucity of novel anti-parasitic drugs, new interventions that target host immunity may offer an effective alternative. In this review, we first summarize current views on how VL immunopathology is significantly affected by HIV coinfection. We then review current clinical and promising preclinical immunomodulatory interventions in the field of VL and discuss how these may operate in the context of a concurrent HIV infection. Caveats are formulated as these interventions may unpredictably impact the delicate balance between boosting of beneficial VL-specific responses and deleterious immune activation/hyperinflammation, activation of latent provirus or increased HIV-susceptibility of target cells. Evidence is lacking to prioritize a target molecule and a more detailed account of the immunological status induced by the coinfection as well as surrogate markers of cure and protection are still required. We do, however, argue that virologically suppressed VL patients with a recovered immune system, in whom effective antiretroviral therapy alone is not able to restore protective immunity, can be considered a relevant target group for an immunomodulatory intervention. Finally, we provide perspectives on the translation of novel theories on synergistic immune cell cross-talk into an effective treatment strategy for VL-HIV-coinfected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.