ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2018
Mutagenicity and Lung Toxicity of Smoldering vs. Flaming Emissions from Various Biomass Fuels: Implications for Health Effects from Wildland Fires.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- A State of the Science Review of Wildfire-Specific Fine Particulate Matter Data Sources, Methods, and Models.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Pooled it
- Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke on Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Heterogeneity in the Effects of Wildfire Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health in North America.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Exposures to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mitigation in Wildland Firefighters in Two Canadian Provinces.Annals of work exposures and health · 2023Trial
- Wood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner. A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Trial
- Transcriptomic signature comparisons identify conserved key events and respiratory disease signatures most similar to wildfire-relevant exposure.Chemico-biological interactions · 2026Article
- Wildfire-Season Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Associations with Influenza and Influenza-like-Illness Risk in the Western USA.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Causal effects of wildfire PMNature communications · 2026Article
- Chemical complexity and enrichment in wildland-urban interface fire emissions: A case study of particulate matter, gas-phase pollutants, and ash from the 2025 Los Angeles fires.Journal of hazardous materials · 2026Article
- Impact of fuel moisture on chaparral emissions under flaming and smoldering conditions.Fire safety journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Inflammatory effects of commercial and natural mosquito repellents on respiratory system in male and female mice.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Simulated wildfire smoke particulate matter elicits STING-dependent astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling and neurotoxicity.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Interpretable Machine Learning to Understand Wildfire Toxicity: Bridging Chemicals, Omics, and Toxicological Outcomes via Symbolic Regression with Novel Feature Scoring.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Temporal variation in markers of immune signaling and wound repair in primary human airway epithelial cells following acute versus repeated woodsmoke condensate exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Climate Change and the Impact On Interstitial Lung Diseases.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Respiratory Disease Associated Healthcare Utilization in Gang-Won Province, South Korea, in 2017.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Effects of urban PM2.5 on primary sinonasal epithelial cells in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Characterization of woodsmoke generated in the air pollution exposure lab and comparison to diesel exhaust.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Wood smoke particles elicit events associated with adverse effects in human lung epithelial cells.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing size and frequency of wildland fires are leading to greater potential for cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in exposed populations; however, little is known about how the types of fuel and combustion phases affect these adverse outcomes.
objectivesWe evaluated the mutagenicity and lung toxicity of particulate matter (PM) from flaming vs. smoldering phases of five biomass fuels, and compared results by equal mass or emission factors (EFs) derived from amount of fuel consumed.
methodsA quartz-tube furnace coupled to a multistage cryotrap was employed to collect smoke condensate from flaming and smoldering combustion of red oak, peat, pine needles, pine, and eucalyptus. Samples were analyzed chemically and assessed for acute lung toxicity in mice and mutagenicity in
resultsThe average combustion efficiency was 73 and 98% for the smoldering and flaming phases, respectively. On an equal mass basis, PM from eucalyptus and peat burned under flaming conditions induced significant lung toxicity potencies (neutrophil/mass of PM) compared to smoldering PM, whereas high levels of mutagenicity potencies were observed for flaming pine and peat PM compared to smoldering PM. When effects were adjusted for EF, the smoldering eucalyptus PM had the highest lung toxicity EF (neutrophil/mass of fuel burned), whereas smoldering pine and pine needles had the highest mutagenicity EF. These latter values were approximately 5, 10, and 30 times greater than those reported for open burning of agricultural plastic, woodburning cookstoves, and some municipal waste combustors, respectively.
conclusionsPM from different fuels and combustion phases have appreciable differences in lung toxic and mutagenic potency, and on a mass basis, flaming samples are more active, whereas smoldering samples have greater effect when EFs are taken into account. Knowledge of the differential toxicity of biomass emissions will contribute to more accurate hazard assessment of biomass smoke exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2200.
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