Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29373591›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

A trivalent Apx-fusion protein delivered by E. coli outer membrane vesicles induce protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae of serotype 1 and 7 challenge in a murine model.

Kui Xu, Qin Zhao, Xintian Wen, Rui Wu, Yiping Wen, Xiaobo Huang, Yong Huang, Qigui Yan, Xinfeng Han, Xiaoping Ma and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review of advanced research on swineFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Development ofJournal of veterinary science · 2019
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kui XuResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Qin ZhaoResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Xintian WenResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Rui WuResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Yiping WenResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaobo HuangResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Yong HuangResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Qigui YanResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Xinfeng HanResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaoping MaResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Yung-Fu ChangDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
Sanjie CaoResearch Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2743-4840
Sichuan Agricultural University · CNCornell University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes serious economic losses in the swine industry, and is the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. In this study we have engineered a trivalent Apx fusion protein enclosed in outer membrane vesicles (Apxr-OMV) and studied its immunoprotective efficacy against APP serotypes 1 and 7 challenge in mice. The results showed that the IgG levels in the Apxr-OMVs immune group were significantly higher than those of the negative control (P < 0.05). Up-regulation of both Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were detected in splenocytes of Apxr-OMVs immune group. The survival rates 87.5% and 62.5% were observed against APP strain 1516 of serotype 7 and APP strain 2701 of serotype 1 in the groups of Apxr-OMVs immune group, respectively. Histopathological lesions of the pulmonary structure alveoli were found to be minimal in APX-OMV group challenged with APP serotypes 1 and 7. These results strongly indicated that engineered OMVs could effectively induce specific humoral or cellular immune responses. Moreover, Apxr-OMVs used as novel vaccine provides cross-protective immunity against different serotype 1 and 7 of APP infection in a mouse model. In contrast, the OMV-empty and PBS as negative controls or inactivated strain of APP-2701 and APP-1516 as positive controls for the animal study cannot provide protection or cross-protection.

Indexed as

Protein EngineeringActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeAnimalsBacterial VaccinesCell MembraneCell ProliferationCytokinesEscherichia coliFemaleImmunity, CellularLymphocytesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CRecombinant Fusion ProteinsBacterial VaccinesCytokinesRecombinant Fusion Proteins

Identifiers

PMID29373591
PMCPMC5786296
OpenAlexW2790709335

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.