ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Diagnostic metabolite biomarkers of chronic typhoid carriage.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on omics data (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics) in the role of microbiome in gallbladder disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Double-Weighted Bayesian Model Combination for Metabolomics Data Description and Prediction.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Bacterial small molecule metabolites implicated in gastrointestinal cancer development.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Host restriction, pathogenesis and chronic carriage of typhoidal Salmonella.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- New Insights on the Early Interaction Between Typhoid and Non-typhoidFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Predicting human health from biofluid-based metabolomics using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The Current Status of Enteric Fever Diagnostics and Implications for Disease Control.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Clinical Profile and the Role of Rapid Serological Tests: Typhifast IgM and Enterocheck WB in the Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2020Article
- Population structure and transmission modes of indigenous typhoid in Taiwan.BMC medical genomics · 2019Article
- An unusual case of caecal perforation following ileostomy reversal.BMJ case reports · 2019Article
- NMR metabolome of Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro and in vivo in mice.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a call to action.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSalmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are the agents of enteric (typhoid) fever; both can establish chronic carriage in the gallbladder. Chronic Salmonella carriers are typically asymptomatic, intermittently shedding bacteria in the feces, and contributing to disease transmission. Detecting chronic carriers is of public health relevance in areas where enteric fever is endemic, but there are no routinely used methods for prospectively identifying those carrying Salmonella in their gallbladder. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we aimed to identify biomarkers of Salmonella carriage using metabolite profiling. We performed metabolite profiling on plasma from Nepali patients undergoing cholecystectomy with confirmed S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi A gallbladder carriage (and non-carriage controls) using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) and supervised pattern recognition modeling. We were able to significantly discriminate Salmonella carriage samples from non-carriage control samples. We were also able to detect differential signatures between S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A carriers. We additionally compared carriage metabolite profiles with profiles generated during acute infection; these data revealed substantial heterogeneity between metabolites associated with acute enteric fever and chronic carriage. Lastly, we found that Salmonella carriers could be significantly distinguished from non-carriage controls using only five metabolites, indicating the potential of these metabolites as diagnostic markers for detecting chronic Salmonella carriers. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our novel approach has highlighted the potential of using metabolomics to search for diagnostic markers of chronic Salmonella carriage. We suggest further epidemiological investigations of these potential biomarkers in alternative endemic enteric fever settings.
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