ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2018
Development and validation of a clinically applicable score to classify cachexia stages in advanced cancer patients.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life for Patients With Cachexia and Solid Tumour Cancers: Findings of a Systematic Literature Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of and Survival with Cachexia among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Nutritional Interventions to Improve Cachexia Outcomes in Cancer-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- A nomogram for distinguishing benign and malignant parotid gland tumors using clinical data and preoperative blood markers: development and validation.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Trial
- Prevention of Taste Alterations in Patients with Cancer Receiving Paclitaxel- or Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy-A Pilot Trial of Cannabidiol.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Anatomical dynamics define cancer cachexia subtypes and identify systemic inflammation as a marker of lethal wasting.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle wasting in cancer cachexia: a narrative review.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage-Myocyte Cross Talk Induces M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Cytokine Production During Cancer Cachexia.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Cachexia: Bridging Clinical Findings with Mechanistic Insights in Human Studies.Cancer discovery · 2025Review
- A Novel Definition and Grading Diagnostic Criteria for Tumour-Type-Specific Comprehensive Cachexia Risk.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Deciphering molecular crosstalk mechanisms between skeletal muscle atrophy and KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer: a literature review.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Review
- Prognostic value of combining preoperative immune-inflammatory-nutritional index and tumor biomarkers in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Understanding cachexia and its impact on lung cancer and beyond.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Review
- Relationships of emerging biomarkers of cancer cachexia with quality of life, appetite, and cachexia.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Review
- Cachexia index for prognostication in surgical patients with locally advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer: multicentre cohort study.The British journal of surgery · 2024Article
- Harnessing the Systemic Biology of Functional Decline and Cachexia to Inform more Holistic Therapies for Incurable Cancers.Cancers · 2024Review
- Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Toward a holistic understanding of cancer cachexia: Application of the human response to illness model.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2023Review
- Diagnosis and outcomes of cachexia in Asia: Working Consensus Report from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCachexia is a multifactorial syndrome that is highly prevalent in advanced cancer patients and leads to progressive functional impairments. The classification of cachexia stages is essential for diagnosing and treating cachexia. However, there is a lack of simple tools with good discrimination for classifying cachexia stages. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a clinically applicable cachexia staging score (CSS) and validate its discrimination of clinical outcomes for different cachexia stages.
methodsAdvanced cancer patients were enrolled in our study. A CSS comprising the following five components was developed: weight loss, a simple questionnaire of sarcopenia (SARC-F), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, appetite loss, and abnormal biochemistry. According to the CSS, patients were classified into non-cachexia, pre-cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia stages, and clinical outcomes were compared among the four groups.
resultsOf the 297 participating patients, data from 259 patients were ultimately included. Based on the CSS, patients were classified into non-cachexia (n = 69), pre-cachexia (n = 68), cachexia (n = 103), and refractory cachexia (n = 19) stages. Patients with more severe cachexia stages had lower skeletal muscle indexes (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004 in male and female patients, respectively), higher prevalence of sarcopenia (P = 0.017 and P = 0.027 in male and female patients, respectively), more severe symptom burden (P < 0.001), poorer quality of life (P < 0.001 for all subscales except social well-being), and shorter survival times (P < 0.001).
conclusionsThe CSS is a simple and clinically applicable tool with excellent discrimination for classifying cachexia stages. This score is extremely useful for the clinical treatment and prognosis of cachexia and for designing clinical trials.
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