ArticleScientific reports2018
Retinoic acid prevents immunogenicity of milk lipocalin Bos d 5 through binding to its immunodominant T-cell epitope.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of pediatric cow's milk protein allergy: a multicenter cohort study in urban China.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Lymph food to improve canine atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial in dogs with standard-care treatment.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Malnutrition and Allergies: Tipping the Immune Balance towards Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Immunoglobulin G4 in eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune complex formation and correlation with disease activity.Allergy · 2023Article
- Role of Small Molecule Ligands in IgE-Mediated Allergy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- The holo beta-lactoglobulin lozenge reduces symptoms in cat allergy-Evaluation in an allergen exposure chamber and by titrated nasal allergen challenge.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Article
- The Concept of One Health for Allergic Diseases and Asthma.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Review
- Article
- Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines update - III - Cow's milk allergens and mechanisms triggering immune activation.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2022Article
- Are Physicochemical Properties Shaping the Allergenic Potency of Animal Allergens?Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
- Secretory protein beta-lactoglobulin in cattle stable dust may contribute to the allergy-protective farm effect.Clinical and translational allergy · 2022Article
- Iron-Deficiency in Atopic Diseases: Innate Immune Priming by Allergens and Siderophores.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Review
- The extended farm effect: The milk protein β-lactoglobulin in stable dust protects against allergies.Allergologie select · 2022Review
- The Role of Lipids in Allergic Sensitization: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Mammalian derived lipocalin and secretoglobin respiratory allergens strongly bind ligands with potentially immune modulating properties.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- Lack of iron, zinc, and vitamins as a contributor to the etiology of atopic diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- One Health in allergology: A concept that connects humans, animals, plants, and the environment.Allergy · 2021Article
- Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands-their dual role in sensitization.Allergy · 2021Review
- Phage-display reveals interaction of lipocalin allergen Can f 1 with a peptide resembling the antigen binding region of a human γδT-cell receptor.Biological chemistry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The major cow's milk allergen Bos d 5 belongs to the lipocalin protein family, with an intramolecular pocket for hydrophobic ligands. We investigated whether Bos d 5 when loaded with the active vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA), would elicit differential immune responses compared to the unloaded state. By in silico docking an affinity energy of -7.8 kcal/mol was calculated for RA into Bos d 5. Loading of RA to Bos d 5 could be achieved in vitro, as demonstrated by ANS displacement assay, but had no effect on serum IgE binding in tolerant or challenge-positive milk allergic children. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that RA binds to the immunodominant T-cell epitope region of Bos d 5. In accordance, Bos d 5 significantly suppressed the CD3+ CD4+ cell numbers, proliferative response and IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ secretion from stimulated human PBMCs only when complexed with RA. This phenomenon was neither associated with apoptosis of T-cells nor with the activation of Foxp3+ T-cells, but correlated likely with enhanced stability to lysosomal digestion due to a predicted overlap of Cathepsin S cleavage sites with the RA binding site. Taken together, proper loading of Bos d 5 with RA may suppress its immunogenicity and prevent its allergenicity.
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