ArticleJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2017
Monocyte Phenotype and IFN-γ-Inducible Cytokine Responses Are Associated with Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.
Article in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with strain-specific virulence differences among clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- The hypervirulent Type-1/Type-17 phenotype ofInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Cytotoxic Cell Function and Risk of Acute 14-Day Mortality in Persons with Advanced HIV and Cryptococcal Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular Diagnostics ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Importance of Clinical Isolates inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Divergent neuroimmune signatures in the cerebrospinal fluid predict differential gender-specific survival among patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Clinical Studies to Animal Experiments.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Treatment Approaches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- The Diverse Roles of Monocytes in Cryptococcosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Observational
- HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Is Associated with Aberrant T Cell Function and Increased Cytokine Responses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Immune Reconstitution Disorders: Spotlight on Interferons.International journal of biomedical investigation · 2019Article
- Involvement of the capsular GalXM-induced IL-17 cytokine in the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Understanding mechanisms underlying the pathology of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) by using animal models.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2018Article
- Special Issue: Host-Fungus Interactions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A third of adults with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is thought to result from exaggerated inflammatory antigen-specific T cell responses. The contribution of monocytes to the immunopathogenesis of cryptococcal IRIS remains unclear. We compared monocyte subset frequencies and immune responses in HIV-infected Ugandans at time of CM diagnosis (IRIS-Baseline) for those who later developed CM-IRIS, controls who did not develop CM-IRIS (Control-Baseline) at CM-IRIS (IRIS-Event), and for controls at a time point matched for ART duration (Control-Event) to understand the association of monocyte distribution and immune responses with cryptococcal IRIS. At baseline, stimulation with IFN-γ ex vivo induced a higher frequency of TNF-α- and IL-6-producing monocytes among those who later developed IRIS. Among participants who developed IRIS, ex vivo IFN-γ stimulation induced higher frequencies of activated monocytes, IL-6⁺, TNF-α⁺ classical, and IL-6⁺ intermediate monocytes compared with controls. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that monocyte subset phenotype and cytokine responses prior to ART are associated with and may be predictive of CM-IRIS. Larger studies to further delineate innate immunological responses and the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapies during cryptococcal IRIS are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.