ReviewParasites & vectors2018
Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leishmaniasis in deployed military populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review.Parasitology research · 2020Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in patients with American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2019Pooled it
- Diagnosing Cutaneous leishmaniasis using FluorescencePathogens and global health · 2019Pooled it
- Evidence Gaps and Global Patterns in Leishmaniasis Control: A Scoping Review of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Strategies.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Review
- Understanding the complexity of cutaneous leishmaniasis patient journey in endemic rural Sri Lanka: a qualitative study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Trend analysis and spatiotemporal distribution of leishmaniasis disease incidence in Sri Lanka: A detailed review from 2009 to 2023.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Residential environment, human behavior and socio-economic status in transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The psychosocial burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Sri Lanka: A multi-method qualitative study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Geographical and climatic risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the hyper-endemic focus of Bam County in southeast Iran.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Environmental, Climatic, and Parasite Molecular Factors Impacting the Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due toMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Determination of the trend of incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman province 2014-2020 and forecasting until 2023. A time series study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Community Engagement in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research in Brazil, Ethiopia, and Sri Lanka: A Decolonial Approach for Global Health.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Spatial variations in Leishmaniasis: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- The effect of geo-climatic determinants on the distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a recently emerging focus in eastern Iran.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Improved kala-azar case management through implementation of health facility-based sentinel sites surveillance system in Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Spatiotemporal distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka and future case burden estimates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- First Evidence from Sri Lanka for Subphenotypic Diversity withinBioMed research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeishmaniasis is listed as one of the eight neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization and the number of cases in endemic areas has seen a sharp rise in the past decade. More alarmingly, reports have shown that leishmaniasis is spreading to non-endemic areas of the world due to co-infection with HIV. In Sri Lanka, leishmaniasis is considered as a notifiable disease from 2008 and has seen a rising trend of incidence since then. This is the first study describing the burden, seasonal variation and spatial distribution of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka since the disease has been included as a notifiable disease.
methodsData on health statistics from 2009 to 2016 were obtained from published databases maintained by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka. Climatic data for Sri Lanka were obtained from the Department of Meteorology and the populations in administrative districts were obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. Descriptive spatiotemporal analysis, correlation between leishmaniasis incidence and climatic variables were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.
resultsThe total number of people reported with leishmaniasis during the study period was 8487. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the prominent form in Sri Lanka while few visceral and muco-cutaneous cases were reported. Although leishmaniasis patients were identified from all 25 districts in the island, almost 90% of the total caseload was reported from Anuradhapura, Hambantota, Polonnaruwa, Kurunegala and Matara districts. The highest number of patients was reported from the Anuradhapura district and the highest incidence per 100,000 persons was reported from the Hambantota district. The disease has a seasonal trend, a peak of leishmaniasis occur in July to September in the north-central region and in October to December in the southern region. Maximum temperature, humidity and wind speed are significantly associated climatic variables with leishmaniasis in endemic regions.
conclusionsLeishmaniasis is an emerging public health problem in north-central and southern Sri Lanka. Public awareness programs for the prevention and control of the disease in endemic regions are essential to reduce the incidence of leishmaniasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.