ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Urinary Metabolite Levels of Flame Retardants in Electronic Cigarette Users: A Study Using the Data from NHANES 2013-2014.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The genitourinary impacts of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review of the literature.World journal of urology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of carcinogen biomarkers in electronic cigarette users versus conventional cigarette users in the development of urothelial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Central European journal of urology · 2026Review
- Levels of organophosphate flame retardants and their metabolites among 391 volunteers in Taiwan: difference between adults and children.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Association between Urinary Metabolite Levels of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Serum Sex Hormone Levels Measured in a Reference Sample of the US General Population.Exposure and health · 2020Article
- Emerging Chemicals of Health Concern in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- A Summary of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Evaluating the Impact of E-Cigarette Exposure on Living Organisms and the Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Breast Milk from the United States.Environmental science & technology letters · 2019Article
- Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function.PloS one · 2019Article
- How close are we to definitively identifying the respiratory health effects of e-cigarettes?Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evaluating the safety of e-cigarettes and making informed judgement about developing potential standards require sufficient scientific evidence. Since e-cigarettes are highly engineered products containing plastic, glass and metal parts, and e-liquids are largely different matrices, many toxic compounds which are not typical hazards for the users of combustible tobacco products (e.g., cigarettes), could exist in e-liquids, and consequently, posing potential health risk to e-cigarette users. We combined the measurements of urinary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) with questionnaire data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2013 to 2014, and we compared adjusted geometric means (GM) for each biomarker in e-cigarette users with levels in non-users and users of various tobacco products using multiple regression analyses to adjust for potential confounders. We found diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBUP) were detected in all e-cigarette users. The adjusted GM of BCEP, the metabolite of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), was 81% higher than nonusers (
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