ArticleNutrition journal2018
Early feeding of larger volumes of formula milk is associated with greater body weight or overweight in later infancy.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth at 2 years in children born preterm: donor milk versus preterm formula.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- The effects of formula milk on development, nutrient absorption, and immune characteristics of piglets.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Impact of diet on the gut mycobiome of Hong Kong Chinese infants.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Tailored recommendations for infant milk formula intake results in more accurate feeding.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influence in Z-Scores for infant physical growth.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Es Niño o Niña?: Gender Differences in Feeding Practices and Obesity Risk among Latino Infants.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- High-Fat, High-Calorie Breast Milk in Women with Overweight or Obesity and Its Association with Maternal Serum Insulin Concentration and Triglycerides Levels.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between breastfeeding duration and BMI, 2009-2018: a population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Children's behaviour and childhood obesity.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Review
- Scarring the early-life microbiome: its potential life-long effects on human health and diseases.BMB reports · 2023Review
- Obesity during Adolescence and Feeding Practices during Infancy: Cross-Sectional Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of the effects of different infant formulas on the growth and development and intestinal flora of infants.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Infant feeding practices and childhood acute leukemia: Findings from the Childhood Cancer & Leukemia International Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bacterial Profile Modulate Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Preliminary evidence that lectins in infant soy formula apparently bind bovine milk exosomes and prevent their absorption in healthy adults.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Young Children from Stunting in a Low-Income Population: A Study from Eastern Indonesia.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relation between infant feeding and growth has been extensively evaluated, but studies examining the volume of formula milk consumption on infant growth are limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of early feeding of larger volumes of formula on growth and risk of overweight in later infancy.
methodsIn total, 1093 infants were studied prospectively. Milk records collected at 3 mo of age were used to define the following 3 feeding groups: breast milk feeding (BM, no formula), lower-volume formula milk feeding (LFM, <840 ml formula/d), and higher-volume formula milk feeding (HFM, ≥840 ml formula/d). Body weight and length were measured at 3 time points of 3, 6 and 12 mo of age.
resultsThe results showed that the difference in weight and length between the HFM and BM infants was significant at 3 mo of age (P < 0.05) and continued until 12 mo of age (P < 0.001). The adjusted mean changes in weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) from 3 to 6 mo of age were significantly higher in HFM and LFM group than in BM group. Two-way interactions between feeding practice and age intervals were significant for WLZ changes (P = 0.002) and BAZ changes (P = 0.017). Compared with BM-fed infants, infants fed with HFM had 1.60-fold (95% CI 1.05-2.44) higher odds of greater body weight (1SD < WLZ ≤2 SD) at the age of 6 mo and 1.55-fold (95% CI 1.01-2.37) higher odds of greater body weight and 2.13-fold (95% CI 1.03-4.38) higher odds of overweight (WLZ > 2 SD) at the age of 12 mo.
conclusionFeeding higher volumes of formula in early infancy is associated with greater body weight and overweight in later infancy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.