ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2018
Does Cold Water or Ice Slurry Ingestion During Exercise Elicit a Net Body Cooling Effect in the Heat?
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperthermia during open water swimming: risks, monitoring and mitigation strategies.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of cooling strategies for emergency personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of internal cooling on physical performance, physiological and perceptional parameters when exercising in the heat: A systematic review with meta-analyses.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- The Thermoregulatory and Thermal Responses of Individuals With a Spinal Cord Injury During Exercise, Acclimation and by Using Cooling Strategies-A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Sustainable solutions to mitigate occupational heat strain - an umbrella review of physiological effects and global health perspectives.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of Heat Mitigation Strategies on Core Temperature and Endurance Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of ice slurry ingestion on body temperature and softball pitching performance in a hot environment: a randomized crossover trial.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2023Trial
- Validity of the CORE Wearable Sensor During Internal Cooling Induced by Hyperhydration with Cold Water at Rest.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The 2026 Men's FIFA Football World Cup: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- One Step Further: Integrating Evidence-Based Guidelines into Practice to Address Environmental Challenges at the Men's 2026 FIFA World Cup.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Taurine Supplementation and Human Heat Tolerance: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Integration with Heat Acclimation, Cooling, and Hydration.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Tennis in the heat: a panel discussion.South African journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of body mass on physiological and time-trial performance responses to mixed-method cooling applied between exercise bouts in the heat.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Pre-Exercise Ingestion of Hydrogen-Rich Cold Water Enhances Endurance Performance and Lactate Response in Heat.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Cold water ingestion ameliorates increase in core temperature and discomfort during simulated motor racing in a hot environment: a randomized trial.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Mixed pre-cooling improves thermal strain but not running performance in female endurance athletes exercising in the heat across the menstrual cycle.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
- Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Compromised heat loss leads to a delayed ice slurry induced reduction in heat storage.PloS one · 2024Article
- Associations between environmental factors and running performance: An observational study of the Berlin Marathon.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Indoor overheating: A review of vulnerabilities, causes, and strategies to prevent adverse human health outcomes during extreme heat events.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cold water or ice slurry ingestion during exercise seems to be an effective and practical means to improve endurance exercise performance in the heat. However, transient reductions in sweating appear to decrease the potential for evaporative heat loss from the skin by a magnitude that at least negates the additional internal heat loss as a cold ingested fluid warms up to equilibrate with body temperature; thus explaining equivalent core temperatures during exercise at a fixed heat production irrespective of the ingested fluid temperature. Internal heat transfer with cold fluid/ice is always 100% efficient; therefore, when a decrement occurs in the efficiency that sweat evaporates from the skin surface (i.e. sweating efficiency), a net cooling effect should begin to develop. Using established relationships between activity, climate and sweating efficiency, the boundary conditions beyond which cold ingested fluids are beneficial in terms of increasing net heat loss can be calculated. These conditions are warmer and more humid for cycling relative to running by virtue of the greater skin surface airflow, which promotes evaporation, for a given metabolic heat production and thus sweat rate. Within these boundary conditions, athletes should ingest fluids at the temperature they find most palatable, which likely varies from athlete to athlete, and therefore best maintain hydration status. The cooling benefits of cold fluid/ice ingestion during exercise are likely disproportionately greater for athletes with physiological disruptions to sweating, such as those with a spinal cord injury or burn injuries, as their capacity for skin surface evaporative heat loss is much lower; however, more research examining these groups is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.