ReviewDrugs2018
Pharmacotherapy for Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in Adults.
Review in Drugs, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topiramate and other kainate receptor antagonists for depression: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intravenous ganaxolone for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus: Results from an open-label, dose-finding, phase 2 trial.Epilepsia · 2022Trial
- Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists: Part 2-Physiologic Signatures and Active Management.Anesthesiology · 2025Review
- The Effects of Propofol and Thiopental on Nitric Oxide Production and Release in Erythrocytes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Use of ketamine in Super Refractory Status Epilepticus: a systematic review.Neurological research and practice · 2024Review
- Isoflurane lowers the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and prevents hypoxia during cortical spreading depolarizationJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Hydrogen treatment reduces electroencephalographic activity and neuronal death in rats with refractory status epilepticus by inhibiting membrane NR2B phosphorylation and oxidative stress.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Targeted sonogenetic modulation of GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in status epilepticus.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Isoflurane treatment for refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Super-refractory status epilepticus in a woman withFrontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- LINCs Are Vulnerable to Epileptic Insult and Fail to Provide Seizure Control via On-Demand Activation.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Inflammation as Treatment Target for Status Epilepticus.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Correction to: The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2023Article
- The Potential Proconvulsant Effects of Cannabis: a Scoping Review.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2022Article
- Long non-coding RNA H19 alleviates hippocampal damage in convulsive status epilepticus rats through the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Sevoflurane Effects on Neuronal Energy Metabolism Correlate with Activity States While Mitochondrial Function Remains Intact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of a human urine barbiturate test to screen for pentobarbital euthanasia of dogs and cats.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2022Article
- Thiopental as substitute therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation and prolonged sedation.Medicina intensiva · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with prolonged seizures that do not respond to intravenous benzodiazepines and a second-line anticonvulsant suffer from refractory status epilepticus and those with seizures that do not respond to continuous intravenous anesthetic anticonvulsants suffer from super-refractory status epilepticus. Both conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A strict pharmacological treatment regimen is urgently required, but the level of evidence for the available drugs is very low. Refractory complex focal status epilepticus generally does not require anesthetics, but all intravenous non-anesthetizing anticonvulsants may be used. Most descriptive data are available for levetiracetam, phenytoin and valproate. Refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency, and long-term clinical consequences are eminent. Administration of intravenous anesthetics is mandatory, and drugs acting at the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.