ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2018
The Adenosine Receptor Antagonist, 7-Methylxanthine, Alters Emmetropizing Responses in Infant Macaques.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Mediating factors between autoimmune thyroiditis and breast cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Childhood Myopia Part II: Treatment Mechanisms, Emerging Options, and Considerations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- How Have Animal Models Increased our Understanding of Human Myopia?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Progress in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis: Insights into Pathways and Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- New Advances in Drug Research for Myopia Control in Adolescents.Current drug targets · 2025Review
- Advances in optical and pharmacological strategies for myopia correction in children.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Inner Retinal Microvasculature With Refraction in Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
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- Retinal glia in myopia: current understanding and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- IMI-The Dynamic Choroid: New Insights, Challenges, and Potential Significance for Human Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Review
- IMI 2023 Digest.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopia in Adult Non-Human Primates in Southwest China.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Mixed culture biocatalytic production of the high-value biochemical 7-methylxanthine.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Article
- Role of 7-methylxanthine in myopia prevention and control: a mini-review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Candidate pathways for retina to scleral signaling in refractive eye growth.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Comparing low-coherence interferometry and A-scan ultrasonography in measuring ocular axial dimensions in young rhesus monkeys.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies suggest that the adenosine receptor antagonist, 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), retards myopia progression. Our aim was to determine whether 7-MX alters the compensating refractive changes produced by defocus in rhesus monkeys. Methods: Starting at age 3 weeks, monkeys were reared with -3 diopter (D; n = 10; 7-MX -3D/pl) or +3D (n = 6; 7-MX +3D/pl) spectacles over their treated eyes and zero-powered lenses over their fellow eyes. In addition, they were given 100 mg/kg of 7-MX orally twice daily throughout the lens-rearing period (age 147 ± 4 days). Comparison data were obtained from lens-reared controls (-3D/pl, n = 17; +3D/pl, n = 9) and normal monkeys (n = 37) maintained on a standard diet. Refractive status, corneal power, and axial dimensions were assessed biweekly. Results: The -3D/pl and +3D/pl lens-reared controls developed compensating myopic (-2.10 ± 1.07 D) and hyperopic anisometropias (+1.86 ± 0.54 D), respectively. While the 7-MX +3D/pl monkeys developed hyperopic anisometropias (+1.79 ± 1.11 D) that were similar to those observed in +3D/pl controls, the 7-MX -3D/pl animals did not consistently exhibit compensating myopia in their treated eyes and were on average isometropic (+0.35 ± 1.96 D). The median refractive errors for both eyes of the 7-MX -3D/pl (+5.47 D and +4.38 D) and 7-MX +3D/pl (+5.28 and +3.84 D) monkeys were significantly more hyperopic than that for normal monkeys (+2.47 D). These 7-MX-induced hyperopic ametropias were associated with shorter vitreous chambers and thicker choroids. Conclusions: In primates, 7-MX reduced the axial myopia produced by hyperopic defocus, augmented hyperopic shifts in response to myopic defocus, and induced hyperopia in control eyes. The results suggest that 7-MX has therapeutic potential in efforts to slow myopia progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.