ArticleOncogene2018
Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer.
Article in Oncogene, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between body mass index and lymph node metastasis among women with cervical cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Lifestyle intervention based on aerobic exercise and Mediterranean diet modulates IGF-1 and its binding proteins in breast cancer survivors.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Trial
- Tumor-associated macrophages suppress estrogen receptor-β expression in triple-negative breast cancer through the PI3K/AKT pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Targeted Nanomedicine in Solid Tumor Therapy: From Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance to Precision Stromal Modulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Macrophages suppress CD8 + T cell cytotoxic function in triple negative breast cancer via VISTA.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Leveraging Single-Cell Multi-Omics to Decode Tumor Microenvironment Diversity and Therapeutic Resistance.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Decoding breast cancer treatment resistance through genetic, epigenetic, and immune-regulatory mechanisms: from molecular insights to translational perspectives.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
- The multifaceted role of macrophages in kidney physiology and diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Losartan rewires the tumor-immune microenvironment and suppresses IGF-1 to overcome resistance to chemo-immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Extracellular Interactors of the IGF System: Impact on Cancer Hallmarks and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Manipulating the tumor immune microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy: IGF1R, a promising target.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Inhibition of insulin-like growth factors increases production of CXCL9/10 by macrophages and fibroblasts and facilitates CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Analyses and Experiments Confirmed IGFBP5 as a Prognostic Predictor Based on an Aging-genomic Landscape Analysis of Ovarian Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Article
- Insulin/IGF Axis and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Role in Meta-inflammation and Potential in Cancer Therapy.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Review
- Dynamic tumor microenvironment, molecular heterogeneity, and distinct immunologic portrait of triple-negative breast cancer: an impact on classification and treatment approaches.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Review
- IGF2: A Role in Metastasis and Tumor Evasion from Immune Surveillance?Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Obesity and endocrine-related cancer: The important role of IGF-1.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts: The chief architect in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in women owing to metastasis and the development of resistance to established therapies. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the breast tumor microenvironment and can both inhibit and support cancer progression. Thus, gaining a better understanding of how macrophages support cancer could lead to the development of more effective therapies. In this study, we find that breast cancer-associated macrophages express high levels of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGFs) and are the main source of IGFs within both primary and metastatic tumors. In total, 75% of breast cancer patients show activation of insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling and this correlates with increased macrophage infiltration and advanced tumor stage. In patients with invasive breast cancer, activation of Insulin/IGF-1 receptors increased to 87%. Blocking IGF in combination with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat breast cancer, showed a significant reduction in tumor cell proliferation and lung metastasis in pre-clinical breast cancer models compared to paclitaxel monotherapy. Our findings provide the rationale for further developing the combination of paclitaxel with IGF blockers for the treatment of invasive breast cancer, and Insulin/IGF1R activation and IGF+ stroma cells as potential biomarker candidates for further evaluation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.