ArticlePloS one2018
The Socio-Moral Image Database (SMID): A novel stimulus set for the study of social, moral and affective processes.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of International Affective Picture System (IAPS) around the World.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Automatic detection of moral information: evidence from visual mismatch response (vMMR).BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Visual Moral Inference and Communication.Topics in cognitive science · 2026Article
- Subjective and psychophysiological response to pictures of ancestral and modern threats: Not all evolutionary threats are alike.PloS one · 2026Article
- Disgust memory enhancement extends to more accurate memory but not more false memories.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between delayed and immediate subjective evaluation tasks.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Attenuation processes in positive social emotion upregulation: Disentangling functional role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.iScience · 2025Article
- 'It's not just immoral!': The role of moral disengagement and incivility in dehumanising the transgressor of immoral behaviour.PloS one · 2025Article
- Direct perception of affective valence from vision.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Speed is associated with polarization during subjective evaluation: no tradeoff, but an effect of the ease of processing.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- Social cues tip the scales in emotional processing of complex pictures.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Different judgment frameworks for moral compliance and moral violation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictive cues elicit a liminal confirmation bias in the moral evaluation of real-world images.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Moral judgment of objectionable online content: Reporting decisions and punishment preferences on social media.PloS one · 2024Article
- Introducing the trier univalence neutrality ambivalence (TUNA) database: A picture database differentiating complex attitudes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- The Affective Dynamics of Everyday Digital Life: Opening Computational Possibility.Affective science · 2023Article
- The negative impact of xenophobia on compassion with suffering out-group members is attenuated by trait empathy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- "Speak of the Devil… and he Shall Appear": Religiosity, Unconsciousness, and the Effects of Explicit Priming in the Misperception of Immorality.Psychological research · 2022Article
- Effects of Core Disgust and Moral Disgust on Moral Judgment: An Event-Related Potential Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
A major obstacle for the design of rigorous, reproducible studies in moral psychology is the lack of suitable stimulus sets. Here, we present the Socio-Moral Image Database (SMID), the largest standardized moral stimulus set assembled to date, containing 2,941 freely available photographic images, representing a wide range of morally (and affectively) positive, negative and neutral content. The SMID was validated with over 820,525 individual judgments from 2,716 participants, with normative ratings currently available for all images on affective valence and arousal, moral wrongness, and relevance to each of the five moral values posited by Moral Foundations Theory. We present a thorough analysis of the SMID regarding (1) inter-rater consensus, (2) rating precision, and (3) breadth and variability of moral content. Additionally, we provide recommendations for use aimed at efficient study design and reproducibility, and outline planned extensions to the database. We anticipate that the SMID will serve as a useful resource for psychological, neuroscientific and computational (e.g., natural language processing or computer vision) investigations of social, moral and affective processes. The SMID images, along with associated normative data and additional resources are available at https://osf.io/2rqad/.
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