ArticlePublic health nutrition2018
The Flint Food Store Survey: combining spatial analysis with a modified Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) to measure the community and consumer nutrition environments.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping the Relationship between Neighborhood-Level Factors and Nutrition Environments of Restaurants Offering Children's Menus.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Healthcare provider perceptions of a pediatric fruit and vegetable prescription program: a qualitative study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Ethnic-Racial Disparities in Food Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Inequities in Food Access and Availability.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Women of Reproductive Age in Flint, Michigan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Beyond supermarkets: ethnic stores, food environments, and the limits of the Food Access Research Atlas.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program for Prenatal Patients in Flint, Michigan: Baseline Food Security and Dietary Intake.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Consumer nutrition environment measurements for nutrient-dense food availability and food sustainability: a scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- 'Nobody Shops at the Neighborhood Store': Leveraging a Community's Pediatric Fresh Produce Prescription Program to Inform Future Participating Store Redemption Locations.Cities & health · 2024Article
- Caregiver-reported barriers to engagement in a paediatric fresh fruit and vegetable prescription programme.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Article
- "The Shelves Are Bare": The Impact of COVID-19 on Families Enrolled in a Pediatric Produce Prescription Program.Cureus · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a Set of Instruments to Measure Food Environments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Refining the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) for Healthy Community Stores: Adaptations to Capture Alternative Food Retailers and Align with Dietary Guidelines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Mapping the Way to Good Health: The Interdisciplinary Challenges of Geographers in Medical Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Balancing Mission and Margins: What Makes Healthy Community Food Stores Successful.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Food insecurity in Detroit: exploring the relationship between patient-reported food insecurity and proximity to healthful grocery stores.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Effect of a pediatric fruit and vegetable prescription program on child dietary patterns, food security, and weight status: a study protocol.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Increasing Healthy Food Access for Low-Income Communities: Protocol of the Healthy Community Stores Case Study Project.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Availability and Sociodemographic Associated Factors in a Brazilian Municipality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Linking the Flint Food Store Survey: Is Objective or Perceived Access to Healthy Foods Associated with Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe goal of the present study was to use a methodology that accurately and reliably describes the availability, price and quality of healthy foods at both the store and community levels using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S), to propose a spatial methodology for integrating these store and community data into measures for defining objective food access.
settingTwo hundred and sixty-five retail food stores in and within 2 miles (3·2 km) of Flint, Michigan, USA, were mapped using ArcGIS mapping software.
designA survey based on the validated NEMS-S was conducted at each retail food store. Scores were assigned to each store based on a modified version of the NEMS-S scoring system and linked to the mapped locations of stores. Neighbourhood characteristics (race and socio-economic distress) were appended to each store. Finally, spatial and kernel density analyses were run on the mapped store scores to obtain healthy food density metrics.
resultsRegression analyses revealed that neighbourhoods with higher socio-economic distress had significantly lower dairy sub-scores compared with their lower-distress counterparts (β coefficient=-1·3; P=0·04). Additionally, supermarkets were present only in neighbourhoods with <60 % African-American population and low socio-economic distress. Two areas in Flint had an overall NEMS-S score of 0.
conclusionsBy identifying areas with poor access to healthy foods via a validated metric, this research can be used help local government and organizations target interventions to high-need areas. Furthermore, the methodology used for the survey and the mapping exercise can be replicated in other cities to provide comparable results.
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