ArticleParasites & vectors2018
Molecular xenomonitoring for post-validation surveillance of lymphatic filariasis in Togo: no evidence for active transmission.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Gaps in Survey Design and Analysis for Molecular Xenomonitoring of Vector-Borne Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Molecular Xenomonitoring Methods for Characterizing Community Burden of Lymphatic Filariasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of alternative surveillance approaches for lymphatic filariasis in low prevalence settings: Implications for post-validation settings.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Global Lymphatic Filariasis Post-Validation Surveillance Activities in 2025: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- No evidence of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Anopheles species after 10 years without mass drug administration: a molecular xenomonitoring study in Hauts-Bassins, Burkina Faso.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Assessing the need to implement mass drug administration against Wuchereria bancrofti infection using both human serology and xenomonitoring in the urban conurbation of Monrovia, Liberia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Unlocking the blueprint to eliminating neglected tropical diseases: A review of efforts in 50 countries that have eliminated at least 1 NTD.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Detection of potential transmission foci of lymphatic filariasis using molecular xenomonitoring in Huahine, French Polynesia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The role of molecular xenomonitoring for assessing the impact of Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine Citrate and Albendazole triple-drug treatment against lymphatic filariasis: A cross-sectional study in the Kenyan coastal region.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in wild caught vector and non-vector mosquitoes: implications for elimination of lymphatic filariasis.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Mosquitoes, Lymphatic Filariasis, and Public Health: A Systematic Review ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Progress from morbidity control to elimination as a public health problem of schistosomiasis and the status of soil-transmitted helminth infection in Togo: a second impact assessment after ten rounds of mass drug administration.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatially Explicit Environmental Factors Associated with Lymphatic Filariasis Infection in American Samoa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Evaluating Molecular Xenomonitoring as a Tool for Lymphatic Filariasis Surveillance in Samoa, 2018-2019.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Multi-centric evaluation of a stage-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay as a xenomonitoring tool for the detection of infective (LThe Indian journal of medical research · 2021Article
- Monitoring migrant groups as a post-validation surveillance approach to contain the potential reemergence of lymphatic filariasis in Togo.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- The use of molecular xenomonitoring for surveillance of mosquito-borne diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Spatial variation in lymphatic filariasis risk factors of hotspot zones in Ghana.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne filarial disease targeted for elimination by the year 2020. The Republic of Togo undertook mass treatment of entire endemic communities from 2000 to 2009 to eliminate the transmission of the disease and is currently the first sub-Saharan African country to be validated by WHO for the elimination of LF as a public health problem. However, post-validation surveillance activities are required to ensure the gains achieved are sustained. This survey assessed the mosquito vectors of the disease and determined the presence of infection in these vectors, testing the hypothesis that transmission has already been interrupted in Togo.
methodMosquitoes were collected from 37 villages located in three districts in one of four evaluation units in the country. In each district, 30 villages were selected based on probability proportionate to size; eight villages (including one of the 30 villages already selected) where microfilaremia-positive cases had been identified during post-treatment surveillance activities were intentionally sampled. Mosquitoes were collected using pyrethrum spray collections (PSC) in households randomly selected in all villages for five months. In the purposefully selected communities, mosquitoes were also collected using human landing collections (HLC) and exit traps (ET). Collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically, and the identification of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in the mosquitoes was based on the pool screening method, using the LAMP assay.
resultsA total of 15,539 mosquitoes were collected during the study. Anopheles gambiae (72.6%) was the predominant LF vector collected using PSC. Pool screen analysis of 9191 An. gambiae in 629 pools revealed no mosquitoes infected with W. bancrofti (0%; CI: 0-0.021).
conclusionsThese results confirm the findings of epidemiological transmission assessment surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015, which demonstrated the absence of LF transmission in Togo. The challenges of implementing molecular xenomonitoring are further discussed.
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