ArticleBMC public health2018
The identification of risk factors associated with patient and healthcare system delays in the treatment of tuberculosis in Tabriz, Iran.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors associated with tuberculosis patient delay: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Understanding treatment initiation pathways and associated costs among people with pulmonary tuberculosis in a peri-urban area of Mozambique: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Health system delay and risk factors in pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis before and during the COVID-19 epidemic: a multi-center survey in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impact of integrating traditional care with the modern healthcare system in reducing tuberculosis diagnosis delays in Ethiopia: a clustered randomized controlled study.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Health system delay and its associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Gamo Zone public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2022Article
- Total, Patient and System Diagnostic Delays for Pulmonary Bacilliferous Tuberculosis in the Six Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in the Five Health Districts of the Central Region, Burkina Faso, 2018.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2022Article
- Healthcare-seeking delay during COVID-19 pandemic among tuberculosis patients in Ilubabor zone health facilities, south-west Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Why health system diagnosis delay among tuberculosis patients in Illubabor, Oromia region, South West Ethiopia? A qualitative study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Patient pathways and delays to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Indonesia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2020Article
- Delays in care seeking, diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei, China.International health · 2020Article
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Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a serious health concern, particularly in developing countries. Various delays, such as patient delay (PD) and healthcare system delay (HSD) in the TB process, are exacerbating the disease burden and increasing the rates of transmission and mortality in various global communities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with PD and HSD in TB patients in Tabriz, Iran.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 173 TB patients in Tabriz, Iran from 2012 to 2014. Patients were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Frequencies and percentages were reported for patient categories of sex, age, and education. The median and interquartile range (IQR) were reported for the time intervals of delays. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions of delay in respect to socio-demographic and clinical variables were performed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsThe median values for delays were 53 days for HSD (IQR = 73) and 13 days for PD (IQR = 57). Odds ratios (OR) associated with PD were: employed vs. unemployed (OR = 5.86, 95% CI: 1.59 to 21.64); public hospitals vs. private hospitals (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.01 to 6.85); ≥ 3 vs. < 3 visits to health facilities before correct diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.11); and male vs. female (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.39). The OR associated with HSD were: ≥ 3 vs. < 3 visits to health facilities before correct diagnosis (OR = 9.44, 95% CI: 4.50 to 19.82), without vs. with access to TB diagnostic services (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.85 to 6.83), and misdiagnosis as cold or viral infection vs. not (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.40 to 4.91).
conclusionsThe results provide for an important understanding of the risk factors associated with PD and HSD. One of the major recommendations is to provide more TB diagnostic knowledge and tools to primary health providers and correct diagnoses for patients during their initial visit to the health care facilities. The knowledge generated from this study will be helpful for prioritizing and developing strategies for minimizing delays, initiating early treatment to TB patients, and improving TB-related training programs and healthcare systems in Tabriz, Iran.
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