Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29361069›Full record

ReviewThe Gerontologist2018

Evidence-Based Nonpharmacological Practices to Address Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Kezia Scales, Sheryl Zimmerman, Stephanie J Miller

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Gerontologist, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06239688 (Evaluating a National Person-Centered Training Program to Strengthen the Dementia Care Workforce), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06239688 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Evaluating a National Person-Centered Training Program to Strengthen the Dementia Care Workforce

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRan2024 to 2027Enrolled1,764ConditionsAging, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Long-Term Care, DementiaArmsessentiALZ, Project ECHO
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  18. Article
  19. Strengthening Support for Immigrant Direct Care Workers: Recommendations from Experienced Direct Care Workers for People Living with Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
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  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kezia ScalesPHI, Bronx, New York.
Sheryl ZimmermanSchool of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Stephanie J MillerCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Funding

BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY IN AGINGT32AG000029 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Maria Marquine · 1985 to 2026
$9.3M
Addressing Behavior and Mood in Assisted Living: Organizational Characteristics Related to the Use of Antipsychotic and Psychotropic Medications and Alternative PracticesR01AG050602 · NIA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ZIMMERMAN, SHERYL · 2015 to 2019
$3.9M
Targeting MCPyV oncogene transcription to suppress tumorigenesisR01CA284690 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Jianxin You · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA284690NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050602NIA NIH HHS T32 AG000029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To draw from systematic and other literature reviews to identify, describe, and critique nonpharmacological practices to address behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) and provide evidence-based recommendations for dementia care especially useful for potential adopters. Research Design and Methods: A search of systematic and other literature reviews published from January 2010 through January 2017. Nonpharmacological practices were summarized to describe the overall conceptual basis related to effectiveness, the practice itself, and the size and main conclusions of the evidence base. Each practice was also critically reviewed to determine acceptability, harmful effects, elements of effectiveness, and level of investment required, based on time needed for training/implementation, specialized care provider requirements, and equipment/capital requirements. Results: Nonpharmacological practices to address BPSDs include sensory practices (aromatherapy, massage, multi-sensory stimulation, bright light therapy), psychosocial practices (validation therapy, reminiscence therapy, music therapy, pet therapy, meaningful activities), and structured care protocols (bathing, mouth care). Most practices are acceptable, have no harmful effects, and require minimal to moderate investment. Discussion and Implications: Nonpharmacological practices are person-centered, and their selection can be informed by considering the cause and meaning of the individual's behavioral and psychological symptoms. Family caregivers and paid care providers can implement evidence-based practices in home or residential care settings, although some practices require the development of more specific protocols if they are to become widely used in an efficacious manner.

Indexed as

Behavioral SymptomsDementiaPsychomotor AgitationCaregiversComplementary TherapiesHumansPatient Care ManagementBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)Dementia careEvidenceNonpharmacologicalRecommendationsReview

Identifiers

PMID29361069
PMCPMC5881760

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.