SynthesisPloS one2018
Relationship between socioeconomic status and gastrointestinal infections in developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- The Third Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID3 Study) in the Community: Protocol for UK-Based Prospective Cohort Studies Investigating the Disease Burden.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- The Prevalence ofMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Life's Simple 7 and its impact on chronic bowel disorders: a study on constipation and diarrhea in the U.S. adult population.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Inequalities in local government expenditure on environmental and regulatory services in England from 2009 to 2020: a longitudinal ecological study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing successful exclusion among children with shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli: a qualitative analysis of public health case management records.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Overadjustment bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health: a meta-research scoping review.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Comparison of statistical approaches to predicting norovirus laboratory reports before and during COVID-19: insights to inform public health surveillance.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association between socioeconomic deprivation and incidence of infectious intestinal disease by pathogen and linked transmission route: An ecological analysis in the UK.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Worker Protection Scenarios for General Analytical Testing Facility under Several Infection Propagation Risks: Scoping Review, Epidemiological Model and ISO 31000.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- How are inequalities generated in the management and consequences of gastrointestinal infections in the UK? An ethnographic study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic Inequalities in Urinary Tract Infection in 2 Large California Health Systems.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Neighbourhood unemployment and other socio-demographic predictors of emergency hospitalisation for infectious intestinal disease in England: A longitudinal ecological study.The Journal of infection · 2020Article
- Family income and exposure to norovirus in childhood: Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.SSM - population health · 2019Article
- The Effect of Rotavirus Vaccine on Socioeconomic Differentials of Paediatric Care Due to Gastroenteritis in Swedish Infants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Sampling and Sampling Frames in Big Data Epidemiology.Current epidemiology reports · 2019Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for paediatric typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2019Article
- Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health is well-documented; however limited evidence on the relationship between SES and gastrointestinal (GI) infections exists, with published studies producing conflicting results. This systematic review aimed to assess the association between SES and GI infection risk, and explore possible sources of heterogeneity in effect estimates reported in the literature.
methodsMEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature were searched from 1980 to October 2015 for studies reporting an association between GI infections and SES in a representative population sample from a member-country of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Harvest plots and meta-regression were used to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity such as age; level of SES variable; GI infection measurement; and predominant mode of transmission. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42015027231.
resultsIn total, 6021 studies were identified; 102 met the inclusion criteria. Age was identified as the only statistically significant potential effect modifier of the association between SES and GI infection risk. For children, GI infection risk was higher for those of lower SES versus high (RR 1.51, 95% CI;1.26-1.83), but there was no association for adults (RR 0.79, 95% CI;0.58-1.06). In univariate analysis, the increased risk comparing low and high SES groups was significantly higher for pathogens spread by person-to-person transmission, but lower for environmental pathogens, as compared to foodborne pathogens.
conclusionsDisadvantaged children, but not adults, have greater risk of GI infection compared to their more advantaged counterparts. There was high heterogeneity and many studies were of low quality. More high quality studies are needed to investigate the association between SES and GI infection risk, and future research should stratify analyses by age and pathogen type. Gaining further insight into this relationship will help inform policies to reduce inequalities in GI illness in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.